10.plant Defence
10.plant Defence
10.plant Defence
Pathogen recognation
Gene for gene interaction
Hipersensitive response (HR)
Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR)
Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR)
TANAMAN DI SERANG
Mikroorganisme: virus, bakteri, cendawan
Nematoda
Insect dan beberapa serangga yang lain
PENGENALAN PATOGEN
Gene-for-gene hypothesis: hipotesis geneuntuk-gen: Setelahinfeksi olehpatogen
tertentu, sebuahgen yang sesuaimengenali
produkavrdan
memicumekanismepertahanan.
PATHOGEN RECOGNATION
Pathogen
genotype Avr1 avr 2
avr1 Avr2
I=incompatible i.e resistance
C=compatible i.e suseptible
RIr2
rIR2
I
RESPON HIPERSENSITIF
Sintesisantimikrobaphytoalexin
AkumulasiAsamsalisilat(SA)
Membatasipenyebaranpatogen
Cepat danlokal
REAKSI HIPERSENSITIF
Nekrosis:
Membatasi
penyebara
npatogen
SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED
RESISTANCE (SAR)
Respon sekunder
Sistemik = menyeluruh
Resistensi berjangkauan luas (broad-range
resistance)
SALICYLIC ACID
Terakumulasi di jaringan baik lokal (setempat) atau
seluruhnya.
Penghilangan SA (seperti pada tanaman nahG
mencegah induksi SAR
Analog: INA atau BTH
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp
40/40020.html
PATHOGEN-RELATED (PR)
GENES
Memiliki sifat antimikrobia
Banyak yang telah diidentifikasi
Dikelompokkan berdasarkan aktivitasnya
Contoh:
Family
Type member
Properties
PR-1
tobacco PR-1a
antifungal?, 14-17kD
PR-2
tobacco PR-2
PR-3
tobacco P, Q
PR-4
tobacco R
PR-5
tobacco S
PR-6
tomato inhibitor I
PR-7
tomato P
endoproteases
PR-8
cucumber chitinase
PR-9
lignin-forming peroxidase
PR-10
parsley PR-1
PR-11
endochitinase activity
PR-12
radish Ps-AFP3
plant defensins
69
NPR1 gene
encodes a
transcription
coactivator
(NPR1) that
plays a major
role in the
mechanisms
regulating
plant defense
response
Pieterse et al. (1998) Plant Cell 10, 1571-158
ISR vs SAR
Induced systemic resistance is induced by non-pathogenic rhizobacteria
Systemic acquired resistance is induced systemically after
inoculation with necrotizing pathogens, HR, or application of some
chemicals (SA analogs or agonists)
Induced systemic resistance is independent of salicylic acid, but involves
jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling
Systemic acquired resistance requires salicylic acid as signaling
molecule in plants
Induced systemic resistance is accompanied by the expression of sets of
genes distinct from the PR genes
Systemic acquired resistance is accompanied by induction of
pathogenesis related proteins
Both require NPR1