University of Santo Tomas

College of Architecture
BT1 Group Presentation

Recycled Waste Products, Building Boards and

Papers
Submitted by:
Buenafe, Shiela Mari
Capacillo, Cyril
Duran, Kathleen
Ferraris, Christine Ann
Submitted to:
Arch. Leah Martin

INTRODUCTION
Recycling-- Reprocessing used on abandoned materials
to create new products. For example, glass can be crushed
and then refired to form new glass having perfect quality.
Recycling Over the past few decades, recycling has become a central component
of many business operations in the United States. Recycling is valued for the costsavings associated with some programs as well as its general environment-friendly
aspects. Recycling programs are comprised of three elements in a continuum
represented by the well-known "chasing arrows" symbol that adorns recyclable
products: 1) collection of recyclable materials from the waste stream; 2)
processing of those materials into new products; and 3) purchasing of products
containing recycled materials.

building paper and boards

are heavy, relatively cheap, durable papers and boards,
such as asphalt paper, used in building construction, esp. in
frame construction, to improve thermal insulation and weather
protection and to act as a vapor barrier.
Special types are:
sheathing paper, used between sheathing and siding; floor lining
paper, used between rough and finish floors.

BUILDING BOARDS
A group of sheets of building materials often faced with peer or vinyl, suitable for use a s a
finished surface on walls, ceilings, etc. this group of boards are all flat, relatively thin in
section and have been made to standard sizes, usually 4x8 ft. these building boards are
made of several materials and used for a variety of purposes.
KINDS OF BUILDING BOARDS
plywood
hardwood
insulating fiberboarde
chipboard
particle board
gypsum board
strawboard
asbestos-cement board
corkboard
paperboard
mineral fiberboard
plastic foamboards

PROPERTIES OF WOOD

one of the main advantages of plywood is that It has a good strength across as weel a
s along the panel. The more plies there are in apanel, the more nearly equal the
strength in both directions will be.
The tendency to swell and shrink is neutralized to a large extent, because in plywood
approximately half the wood grain runs in one direction and the other half at the right
angles to it.
Plywood ahs a greater resistance to blows than ordinary wood.
Plywood cannot be split in the plane of the panel because of its successive layers at
right angles to another. Nails and screws can be driven very close to the edge of the
panels without danger of splitting.
Plywood can be bent more easily than ordinary wood of the same thickness. The
radius of curvature depends on the thickness of the panel an is limited by the strength
of the outer piles in tension and by the strength of the inner piles in compression.
Plywood offers innumerable possibilities for decoration because of the great variety of
colors and textures that can be produced on the face piles.
Decorative effects also can be applied to the face ply by sandblasting ; by pressure, or
by etching with wire brushes.

1. PLYWOOD
Plywood is made by bonding together thin layers of wood in a way
that the grain of each layer is at right angles to the grain of each
adjacent layer.
Waterproof glue is applied by machine to the face plies, core, and
crossbonds. They are assembled into plywood form and placed in
hot presses which compress the veneers into solid sheets of
approximately the proper thickness. At the same time the heat
cures the glue. A process which takes from 2-20 minutes.

Each layer of plywood is called a Veneer, and commonly made by rotary cuttinga
method of cutting wood veneer in which a log is fixed in a lathe and rotated against a
knife so that the veneer is peeled from the log in a continuous sheet.

TYPES OF PLYWOOD
1.marine plywoodabsolutely waterproofedIn construction,
marine plywood is a specially treated plywood that is designed to resist
rotting in a high-moisture environment. Marine plywood is frequently used in the construction of docks and
boats.
Advantages of marine plywood
Durability - small scratches through painted plywood may expose the interior to water. Inexpensive plywood
may not last long when it is damp
Strength - marine plywood is stronger and has consistent mechanical properties: no voids.
Workability - marine plywood is usually easier than fiberglass to cut and bend
Resistance to Warping - marine plywood (with the exception of Fir-based plywoods) will resist warping or
check

2. fancy plywood
non waterproofed for panellings and cabinets.Narra bookmatched
Kalatas rotary cut
Ribbon grained taguille
Lauan rotary cut
Dao bookmatched
Rosewood
Tanguile

3. ordinary plywood
4. form ply wood

5. pre-finished plywood paneling (brand danarra)

paperoverlaid
printedcomes in 14 color tones, no need to varnish or pain. Nailed through V- grooves or glued.
Comes in theree pre-cut sized an two series, the morocco series and papyrus series.
Bookmatchedthe assembling of wood veneers from the same filtch so that successive sheets are
alternated face up and face down.
Ribbon grained --- a series of strips uniting several parts.

2. HARDBOARD

Made form processed wood chipa. Chips of controlled size are subjected to high
pressure steam in pressure vessels. When the pressure is released the chips
explode and the cellulose and lignin are separated form the unwanted elements and
then mixed into a homogenous mass and formed into a continuous board which is cut
up into convenient lengths. These are pressed into uniform, hard, grainless sheets in
heated presses. They are smooth on one side and with an overlaplike impression on
the other side.

Three grades of board

standardflexible to be quite easily bent. It is light brown and is produced in thickness
of 1/8, 3/16, and 5/16 inches. Boards are four feet wide and are available in lengths of
4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 feet. This grade of hardboard is not suitable for exterior work.
Tempered hardboardis made by impregnated standard board with a tempering
compound of oils and resin and baking it to polymerize the tempering material.
Tempered hardboard is dark brown in color and is available in thickness of 1/8, 3/16,
, 5/16 3/8 in. this board is brittle and stiff, has improved machining qualities
and much greater resistance to water penetration, making it suitable for exterior use.
Low-density hardboardnot as strong and durable as standard hardboard.
Some especially products of hardboard

Some Specially Products of Hard Board.

3. INSULATING FIBERBOARD

Made form three types of fiberwood, sugar cane, and asbestos, and bindor,
formed into a board.
wood fibers are produced by pressing logs against a grindstone which breaks
down the wood into fibers or by making 5/8 chips from logs and charging them
into pressure vessels where they are softened with live steam. They are then
sheared to break chips down into fibers.

Two basic grades of board are made:

a-1. insulating grade- made up as insulating, decorative panels,
decorative ceiling tile, v- notch plaster base, and roof insulation. Strandard thicknesses
are , 5/8, and 1 in.
a-2. sheathing gradeone having both surfaces and all edges coated with asphalt and
other with the fibers impregnated with asphalt during manufacture.
cane fiberboards is made by shredding cane and processing the fibers in much
the same way as wood fibers.
Mineral fiberboard is made from asbestos fibers mixed with a cementing agent. This type
of board is used primarily for fireproofing and acoustical purposes.

4. CHIPBOARD

A large class of building board made form wood and particles and a binder, often faced
with veneer, chipboard is made by binding phenolic resin or urea formaldehyde glue in
the form of a 4 ft. wide board, length from 8-16 feet long with thicknesses , 5/16/, 3/8,
, 5/8, and in.
Panels are made in two types, plain and patterned. Plain panela may be unsanded,
sanded on one side, or sanded twosides. Patterned panels have one grooved surface,
wither evenly spaced or random.
Chipboards are used both fro interior and exterior which include sheathing for walls,
and roof, subflooring, fence paneling, and commercial exteriors and interiors. The
board lands itself to a range of stain and paint finishes, an advantage for interior use,
while at the same time, its weather resistance make it valuable as an outdoor material.
Hardwood plywood can also be laminated to chipboard for interior finishing panel.

5. PARTICLE BOARD

A large class of building board made form wood and particles and a binder, often faced
with veneer, chipboard is made by binding phenolic resin or urea formaldehyde glue in
the form of a 4 ft. wide board, length from 8-16 feet long with thicknesses , 5/16/,
3/8, , 5/8, and in.
Panels are made in two types, plain and patterned. Plain panela may be unsanded,
sanded on one side, or sanded twosides. Patterned panels have one grooved surface,
wither evenly spaced or random.
Chipboards are used both fro interior and exterior which include sheathing for walls,
and roof, subflooring, fence paneling, and commercial exteriors and interiors. The
board lands itself to a range of stain and paint finishes, an advantage for interior use,
while at the same time, its weather resistance make it valuable as an outdoor material.
Hardwood plywood can also be laminated to chipboard for interior finishing panel.

6. GYPSUM BOARD

A wall board having a gypsum core. One type is a board with a special paper face on
which a variety of wood-grain patterns may be printed. Such a board may be nailed
with special colored nails, or glue laminated to an interior surface to produce a woodgrain effect.
Another type is a gypsum board faced with a vinyl sheet, made to imitate a textile
surface. This is either glued in place or held by aluminum or plastic moldings.

7. STRAWBOARD

A hardboard made of compressed wheat straw, processesed at 350-400 degrees

Farenheit and covered with a tough kraft paper.

Two grades:
structural board- is manufactured 2 in. thick, 4 ft wide and 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 ft. long.
It is used for nonbearing partitions, as a plaster base, for insulating purposes,
exterior sheathing, roof decking, and as an inner form face for concrete basement
wall forms.
Insulation gradealso 2 in. thick and 4 ft wide but comes in 5 ft. lengths only. It is
intended primarily for roof deck insulation.

8. ASBESTOS CEMENT BOARD

A a dense, rigid board containing a high proportion of asbestos fibers bonded with
Portland cement, resistant to fire, flame and weathering has low resistance to heat
flow. Used as a building material in sheet from and corrugated sheeting.
Flat boards are made 1/8, , 3/8, and in thick; 4 ft wide, and from 6-12 ft. long.
Various types of corrugated sheets are made from the same material.
All types of asbestos-cement boards must be drilled fro the insertion of screws, bolts,
or other fasteners.

9. CORKBOARD

From the outer bark of the cork oaktree, cork granulos is mixed with synthetic resin,
compressed and formed into sheet from 1-6 in. thick and baked under pressure into
rigid boards.
The standard board length is 36 in. and widths are 12, 18, 24, and 36 in. corkboard ins
used almost exclusively for thermal insulating material and vibration control.

10. PAPERBOARD

Made in two different types:

a paper pulp pressed into board 3/16, or in. thick. 4 ft. wide, and 6, 7, or 8, ft.
long usually one surface is primed for easier finishing.
A layer of stiff paper folded into corrugated form and faced on both sides with a
thick paper backing, cemented to the core.

11. MINERAL FIBERGROUND

Thick mineral fibers, usually glass or rock wool are covered with
a backing of stiff paper on one or both sides to form rigid
boards, ranging in thickness from to 2 in. the usual board size
is 24x48 in. these units are used for roofdeck insulation and are
cemented to the deck with asphalt adhesive.

12. PLASTIC FOAM BOARDS

Polystyrene and polyurethane plastics are formed by a patented process to about

40 times their original volume. This foamed material is molded into boards from
to 3 in. thick, 12 or 24 in. wide and from 4-12 ft. long. Used for perimeter insulation
for concrete floor slabs, for wall and roof- deck insulation, and for roof decks when
properly supported.
These plastic board have high insulation value and relatively high compressive
strength, and are flexible enough to fit over curved surface.

BUILDING PAPERS

In building construction, paper is used for sheathing, roofing and insulation, in making
asphalt shingles, laminated and corrugated building products, and concrete from
materials, as a moisture and vapor barrier; as a cushioning material; as wall-paper; as
an envelope or sheathe for other materials; and as a fireproofing material.
M ost paper is made form cellulose fibers whick comes form wood pulp, but waste
paper, lute waste, manila hemp, rags, straw and bagasse are also utilized.

TYPES OF WOOD PULP

mechanical pulpor ground wood is produced by grinding blocks of wood against a revolving
abrasive stone or by grinding steamed wood chips in a grinding mill.
Chemical pulpproduced by digesting wood chips in various chemicals to free the cellulose
fibers from the liquin binding.
Semi-chemical pulpwood chips are subjected to a mild chemical treatment and then
mechanically disintegrated in rotating disk refiners.

TYPES OF PAPER

1 .Sheathing paperpaper used to provide an airtight barrier over walls, floors,

etc.
Two types:
Plain papereither a low-cost paper made form a mixture
of semichemical pulp
and waste paper or a tough paper made form kraft pulp.
Asphalt Impregnated or coated fet or kraft papervarious
amounts of asphalt are used per hundred square feet of paper
so that papers of various weights are made, from 4-10 pounds
per square. These are what is known as breather papers,
impervious to water but not to water vapor.
2. Roofing Paper
Roofing felts-- those which are used in making a built-up
roof and are usually produced in 36 in. wide rolls, in various
weights from 3-20 lb. per square.
Rolled roofinga heavy, mineral surfaced paper used as
a final roof covering, made 18 and 36 in. wide, in various
weights from 45-120 lb. per square.

3. Insulating paper

The primary objective in the production of this type of paper is to secure bulk and antrapped air with
as much strength as possible.
wood-fiber insulating paperis made fom groundwood or bagasse with some wastepaper pulp
added. The paper is usually gray, produced in 36 in. wide rolls, weighing about 9 lb. per square. It
is used fro insulating walls, ceilings and floors.
Asbestos fibersa soft, pliable paper used for insulating pipes carrying steam, boilers and
other vessels with high temperatures. It is produced in various weights from 5-10 lb. per square,
a heavier asbestor felt paper is produced for use as a built up roofing material, it is saturated with
asphalt and produced in rolls 36 in. wide weighing approximately 15 lb. per square.

4. cushioning paper
similar to wood-fiber insulating paper, but less
attention is paid to strength. Its chef use is for cushioning
under linoleum, carpets, or slate roofing

5. vapor-barrier paper
these paper, which are intended to prevent the passage
of moisture vapor through walls, ceilings and floors, are
made in three different types:
waxed papermade from strong light kraft in three grades
commonly known as x, xx, xxx.
Two thicknesses of paper laminated together with a film of asphalt.
Two kinds of paper is usedone is a kraft paper laminated to
copper foil by an asphalt film. This is a heavy duty material used
for vapor barrier and for flashing.

6. laminating paper
this is a special, high strength kraft paper made for use in the
production of plastic laminates. The thin, strong paper is
impregnated with liquid plastic resin and several sheet are
laminated together under heat and pressure to form the base
for the plastic sheet.

7. Concrete form paper

a form made from strong kraft paper in the form of a spiral tube. These are
used as column forms and as ducts and core forms in concrete floors.
A boxlike from made form corrugated container paper. This is unbleached
kraft paper sized with resin and coated with wax sizing and starch to make
ti abrasion resistant. These forms are used in forming ribbed concrete
slabs.

8. wall paper

Paper from which decorative wallpaper is made. This is produced in two grades.
A.no.1 hangingmade from bleached sulfite or bleached soda pulp, mixed with
not more than 20 percent high-quality groundwood. Talc is used as a filler, rosin
and sodium silicate as sizing. The paper is coated with a clay film bound to the
paper with case in, and the design is printed over the clay coating.
B. No.2 hangingfrom 72-90 percent ground wood and the rest unbleached
sulfite. Little filler is used, but the paper must be sufficiently sized to stand the
application of water paste without wetting or breaking through.

9. envelope paper

paper is used as an outer covering or envelope for a number of building materials.

One of these is gypsum board, Composed of a layer of calcined gypsum covered in
both sides by a sheet of kraft paper. A number of insulating materials are
enveloped in a kraft paper cover, sometimes plain; sometimes asphalted.

10. fire proofing paper

made from asbestos fibers, since this is an incombustible material. The material
maybe in the form of matted paper, similar to asbestos insulating or roofing paper,
or ti may be in the form of a cloth woven from thread spun from asbestos fibers.

CONCLUSION
Reducing waste is crucial for an environmentally aware society, yet human endeavor is
virtually impossible without generating waste productshence utilizing these waste
products effectively is of growing importance, whereas disposal was the only option in
the past. Utilizing recycled industrial waste is one of the key technologies of the 21st
century.
There are various types of building boards such as plywood, hardwood, insulating
fiberboard, chipboard, particle board, gypsum board, strawboard, asbestos-cement
board, paperboard, mineral fiberboard, and plastic foam boards. Each has a different
use which gives the structure the durability, efficiency and strength.