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    THERAppt

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    IlwynFreiresGascal
    Rectal cancer forms in the tissues of the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine leading to the anus. While it is a life-threatening disease, rectal cancer is highly curable if found early. Diagnostic tests like colonoscopy, MRI, and CT scans are used to detect and stage rectal cancer. Treatment depends on the location and stage of the tumor but often involves surgery to remove the tumor, as well as pre- or post-operative radiation therapy delivered in short or long courses.

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    THERAppt

    Uploaded by

    IlwynFreiresGascal
    57 views20 pages
    Rectal cancer forms in the tissues of the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine leading to the anus. While it is a life-threatening disease, rectal cancer is highly curable if found early. Diagnostic tests like colonoscopy, MRI, and CT scans are used to detect and stage rectal cancer. Treatment depends on the location and stage of the tumor but often involves surgery to remove the tumor, as well as pre- or post-operative radiation therapy delivered in short or long courses.

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    rectal cancer presentation

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    Rectal cancer forms in the tissues of the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine leading to the anus. While it is a life-threatening disease, rectal cancer is highly curable if found early. Diagnostic tests like colonoscopy, MRI, and CT scans are used to detect and stage rectal cancer. Treatment depends on the location and stage of the tumor but often involves surgery to remove the tumor, as well as pre- or post-operative radiation therapy delivered in short or long courses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    57 views20 pages

    THERAppt

    Uploaded by

    IlwynFreiresGascal
    Rectal cancer forms in the tissues of the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine leading to the anus. While it is a life-threatening disease, rectal cancer is highly curable if found early. Diagnostic tests like colonoscopy, MRI, and CT scans are used to detect and stage rectal cancer. Treatment depends on the location and stage of the tumor but often involves surgery to remove the tumor, as well as pre- or post-operative radiation therapy delivered in short or long courses.

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    RECTAL CANCER

    WHAT IS RECTAL CANCER?

    Is a disease in which cancer cells form in the


    tissues of the rectum. The rectum is the last part of
    the large intestine and leads to the anus, which is
    the opening to the outside of the body.

    Although rectal cancer is a life-threatening disease,


    it is a highly curable form of cancer if found early.

    ANATOMY AND
    PHYSIOLOGY
    OF THE RECTUM

    About 15cm long, at


    the level of the middle
    of the sacrum.
    The rectum is the last
    part of the large
    intestine and leads to
    the anus, which is the
    opening to the outside
    of the body.

    FUNCTIONS:

    The main functions of the colon and rectum are


    to absorb water and nutrients from what we eat
    and to move food waste out of our body.
    The rectum is a holding area for the stool.

    SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:


    Pruritus
    Hematochezia
    Tenesmus
    Change bowel habits
    Pain in the buttocks
    Weight loss
    Diarrhea
    Constipation

    DIAGNOSTIC WORKUPS

    MODALITIES USED

    Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    Endoscopic Ultrasound

    Colonoscopy

    CT Scan

    Proctosigmoidoscopy

    Barium Enema

    LABORATORY TEST:
    Complete Blood Count
    Liver and renal function test

    PATIENT PREPARATION

    Before colorectal cancer surgery, your surgeon


    will give you instructions for preoperative bowel
    preparation which may include being on a clear
    liquid diet and taking laxatives.
    Call your surgeon at once if you have any changes
    in your health, such as a fever or cold, within 23
    hours before your scheduled surgery. Be sure to
    tell your surgeon if you are pregnant.
    Patient should drink a lot of water to allow
    distention of the bladder

    Do not eat or drink anything after midnight the


    night before your surgery unless told otherwise
    by your doctor or nurse.
    Do not smoke or drink alcohol 24 hours before
    your surgery.
    Arrange for a family member to be your recovery
    coach. This approach requires you to take an
    active role in your recovery.

    TREATMENT PLANNING

    Surgery is the treatment of choice for rectal


    cancer. The type of procedure depends on the
    location of the tumor.
    Patient Position Prone position
    Materials used Belly board, Wedge filter, rectal
    tube and Tampon soaked with iodinated contrast
    media.
    Portal used Three field techniques, four field
    portals and opposed lateral field.

    DOSE
    Preoperative Radiotherapy

    Short course: 25 cGy in 5 daily fractions of 5 Gy


    given in 1 week with surgery within 1 week is
    recommended (Grade A).
    Long course: 45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks
    followed by a 610 week gap prior to surgery is
    also widely used.

    Post-operative Radiotherapy

    The standard fractionation is 45Gy in 25


    fractions in 5 weeks with an optional reduced
    volume boost of 5.49Gy in 3-5 fractions.
    Selected patients should be offered post-operative
    radiotherapy for rectal cancer with 45Gy in 25
    daily fractions over 5 weeks (Grade B).

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