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    Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    Usman Waheed
    The respiratory system allows for gas exchange through breathing. During inhalation, air enters the nose and mouth, passing through the larynx and trachea into the bronchi and bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes terminate in alveoli in the lungs, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Exhalation then occurs as the used air travels back through the system. The major components include the upper respiratory tract (nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea) and lower respiratory tract (bronchi, lungs, diaphragm). Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli of the lungs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    Usman Waheed
    87 views13 pages
    The respiratory system allows for gas exchange through breathing. During inhalation, air enters the nose and mouth, passing through the larynx and trachea into the bronchi and bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes terminate in alveoli in the lungs, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Exhalation then occurs as the used air travels back through the system. The major components include the upper respiratory tract (nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea) and lower respiratory tract (bronchi, lungs, diaphragm). Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli of the lungs.

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    Respiratory system

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    The respiratory system allows for gas exchange through breathing. During inhalation, air enters the nose and mouth, passing through the larynx and trachea into the bronchi and bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes terminate in alveoli in the lungs, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Exhalation then occurs as the used air travels back through the system. The major components include the upper respiratory tract (nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea) and lower respiratory tract (bronchi, lungs, diaphragm). Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli of the lungs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    87 views13 pages

    Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    Usman Waheed
    The respiratory system allows for gas exchange through breathing. During inhalation, air enters the nose and mouth, passing through the larynx and trachea into the bronchi and bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes terminate in alveoli in the lungs, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Exhalation then occurs as the used air travels back through the system. The major components include the upper respiratory tract (nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea) and lower respiratory tract (bronchi, lungs, diaphragm). Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli of the lungs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Anatomy of

    Respiration
    System

    Introduction

    The primary function of the respiratory system is


    gas exchange.
    This occurs during each breath we take where
    oxygen first enters the nose or mouth during
    inhalation. The air passes through the larynx and
    the trachea which then splits into two bronchi.
    Each bronchus bifurcates into two smaller
    branches forming bronchial tubes. These tubes
    form a multitude of pathways within the lung and
    terminating at the end with a connection to tiny
    sacs called alveoli.

    Cont

    The exchange of gases takes place at the alveoli,


    where oxygen (O2) diffuses into the lung capillaries in
    exchange for carbon dioxide (CO2).
    Exhalation begins after the gas exchange and the air
    containing CO2 begins the return journey through the
    bronchial pathways and back out to the external
    environment through the nose or mouth.

    Respiratory
    System

    Components;
    Upper
    Respiratory
    Tract

    3
    Nasal Cavity
    Pharynx
    Larynx
    Trachea

    Lower
    Respiratory
    Tract

    Bronchi
    Lungs
    Diaphragm

    Nose & Nasal Cavity

    Warm, filter and moisten the incoming air.


    Structurally the nose can be divided into;
    external portion; Opening to exterior
    Internal portions; Opening to pharynx
    Nasal conchae; folds in the mucous membrane
    that increase air turbulence and ensures that most
    air contacts the mucous membranes
    Olfactory mucosa; mucous membranes that
    contain smell receptors

    Cont

    Lysozyme;
    kills
    bacteria
    and
    lymphocytes
    IgA antibodies; that protect against
    bacteria

    Pharynx

    Common used by both the


    respiratory (air) and digestive
    systems (food).
    Commonly called the throat.
    Originates posterior to the
    nasal and oral cavities and
    extends inferiorly near the
    level of the bifurcation of the
    larynx
    and
    esophagus.
    Partitioned into three adjoining
    regions:
    nasopharynx
    oropharynx
    laryngopharynx

    Larynx
    Prevents swallowed materials from
    entering the lower respiratory
    tract.
    Conducts air into the lower
    respiratory tract.
    Produces sounds.
    Supported by a framework of nine
    pieces of cartilage (three individual
    pieces and three cartilage pairs)
    that are held in place by ligaments

    Trachea

    Extends through the mediastinum and lies anterior to the


    esophagus and inferior to the larynx.
    Anterior and lateral walls of the trachea supported by 15 to
    20 C-shaped tracheal cartilages.
    Cartilage rings reinforce and provide rigidity to the tracheal
    wall to ensure that the trachea remains open at all times.
    At the level of the sternal angle, the trachea bifurcates into
    two smaller tubes, called the right and left primary bronchi.

    Bronchial tree
    A highly branched system of airconducting
    passages
    that
    originate from the left and right
    primary bronchi.
    Progressively
    branch
    into
    narrower tubes as they diverge
    throughout the lungs before
    terminating
    in
    terminal
    bronchioles.
    Right
    primary
    bronchus
    is
    shorter,
    wider,
    and
    more

    10

    Alveoli

    11

    Lungs contain small saccular outpocketings


    called alveoli.
    They have a thin wall specialized to promote
    diffusion of gases between the alveolus and the
    blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
    Gas exchange can take place in the respiratory
    bronchioles and alveolar ducts as well as in the
    alveoli, each lung contains approximately 300 to
    400 million alveoli.
    The spongy nature of the lung is due to the

    Lungs

    12

    Each lung has a conical shape. Its wide, concave


    base rests upon the muscular diaphragm.
    Its superior region called the apex projects
    superiorly to a point that is slightly superior and
    posterior to the clavicle.
    Toward the midline, the lungs are separated from
    each other by the mediastinum.
    The relatively broad, rounded surface in contact
    with the thoracic wall is called the costal surface
    of the lung.

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