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    W07 L4 Diodes

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    Manjot Kaur
    The document discusses diodes and diode circuits. It covers semiconductor diodes, the diode equation, forward and reverse regions, breakdown region, ideal diode approximation, rectifiers, limiters, clamping circuits, voltage doublers, diode small signal models, load line analysis, operating points, zener diodes, clipper circuits, and voltage regulators.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    W07 L4 Diodes

    Uploaded by

    Manjot Kaur
    146 views48 pages
    The document discusses diodes and diode circuits. It covers semiconductor diodes, the diode equation, forward and reverse regions, breakdown region, ideal diode approximation, rectifiers, limiters, clamping circuits, voltage doublers, diode small signal models, load line analysis, operating points, zener diodes, clipper circuits, and voltage regulators.

    Original Description:

    Diodes types applications

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    The document discusses diodes and diode circuits. It covers semiconductor diodes, the diode equation, forward and reverse regions, breakdown region, ideal diode approximation, rectifiers, limiters, clamping circuits, voltage doublers, diode small signal models, load line analysis, operating points, zener diodes, clipper circuits, and voltage regulators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    146 views48 pages

    W07 L4 Diodes

    Uploaded by

    Manjot Kaur
    The document discusses diodes and diode circuits. It covers semiconductor diodes, the diode equation, forward and reverse regions, breakdown region, ideal diode approximation, rectifiers, limiters, clamping circuits, voltage doublers, diode small signal models, load line analysis, operating points, zener diodes, clipper circuits, and voltage regulators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 48

    Diodes and

    Diode Circuits
    Slides taken from:
    A.R. Hambley, Electronics, Prentice Hall, 2/e, 2000
    A. Sedra and K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits,
    Oxford University Press, 4/e, 1999

    Semiconductor Diode

    Figure3.1Semiconductordiode.
    2

    The diode equation (1)


    For forward and reverse bias region:

    The diode equation (2)

    Zooming in the v-i characteristic

    Figure 3.2 Volt-ampere characteristic for a typical small-signal silicon diode at a


    temperature of 300 K. Notice the changes of scale.

    Forward Region

    Reverse Region

    Forward & Reverse regions (1)

    Forward & Reverse regions (2)

    Breakdown region

    The breakdown region is entered when the magnitude of


    the reverse voltage exceed a threshold called
    breakdown voltage or the zener knee voltage.
    In the breakdown region the current increase rapidly with
    a very small increase in the associated voltage.
    There is an avalanche of electrons flowing across the
    junction with the result that the diode overheat.
    Provided that the power dissipated in the diode is limited
    by external circuitry to a safe level (typically specified in
    the data sheets) breakdown wont be destructive.

    10

    Ideal diode approximation

    Figure 3.8 Ideal-diode volt--ampere characteristic.

    11

    Improved approximated diode model

    12

    Half-wave rectifier

    Fig. 3.3 (a) Rectifier circuit. (b) Input waveform. (c) Equivalent circuit when
    (d) Equivalent circuit when v1 0 (e) Output waveform.

    13

    Half-wave rectifier with


    smoothing capacitor

    Fig. 3.41 Voltage and current waveforms in the peak rectifier circuit with CR T.
    The diode is assumed ideal.

    14

    Full-wave rectifier

    15
    Figure 3.13 Full-wave rectifier.

    Full-wave bridge rectifier

    Figure 3.14 Diode-bridge full-wave rectifier.

    16

    Full-wave bridge rectifier

    Fig. 3.39 The bridge rectifier: (a) circuit and (b) input and output waveforms.

    17

    Limiters (=Clipping circuits) (1)

    18

    Limiters (=Clipping circuits) (2)

    19

    Clamping circuits (1)

    20

    Clamping circuits (2)

    21

    Clamping circuits (3)

    22

    More clamping circuits (1)

    23

    More clamping circuits (2)

    24

    More clamping circuits (3)

    Figure 3.19 Another Example of clamp circuit.

    25

    Voltage doubler (1)

    26

    Voltage doubler (2)

    27

    Voltage doubler (3)

    28

    Diode small signal model


    So

    far we have been mainly focused on using


    the ON-OFF behavior of the diode. In these
    applications usually the applied signal is
    relatively large so the models seen so far are
    more than adequate !
    There are other applications where the diode
    is biased to operate at a certain point (VDQ, IDQ)
    on the i-v characteristic and a small AC signal
    is superimposed on the DC quantities
    29

    The Load Line Analysis

    Figure 3.27 Analysis of a circuit containing a singular nonlinear element can be accomplished by
    load-line analysis of a simplified circuit.

    30

    The device operating point


    (= bias point = Q-point)

    Figure 3.4 Circuit for load-line analysis.

    31

    The load-line concept

    Figure 3.5 Load-line analysis of the circuit


    of Figure 3.4.

    32

    The device Q-point (quiescent)

    Figure 3.31 Diode characteristic, illustrating the Q-point.

    33

    The device small signal model

    Fig. 3.25 Development of the diode small-signal model.


    Note that the numerical values shown are for a diode
    with = 2.

    34

    Diode small signal model

    35

    Diode small signal model

    36

    Diode small signal model

    37

    Diode small signal model

    38

    Diode small signal model

    39

    Example of small signal application

    Figure 3.33 Variable attenuator using a diode as a controlled resistance.

    40

    DC equivalent circuit

    Figure 3.34 Dc circuit equivalent to Figure 3.33 for Q-point analysis.

    41

    Small signal AC equivalent circuit

    Figure 3.35 Small-signal ac equivalent circuit for Figure 3.33.

    42

    Zener Diode

    Fig. 3.31 The diode i-v characteristic with the breakdown region shown in some detail.

    43

    Clipper circuits using zeners

    44

    Voltage Regulator (1)

    Figure 3.24 A voltage regulator supplies constant voltage to a load.

    45

    Voltage Regulator (2)

    Figure 3.25 A simple regulator circuit that provides a nearly constant output voltage from
    a variable supply voltage.

    46

    Voltage Regulator (3)

    Figure3.26SeeExample3.4

    .
    47

    Designing a power supply

    Fig. 3.36 Block diagram of a dc power supply.

    48

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