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    Introduction To Cns Pharmacology

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    Christina_49
    This document provides an introduction to pharmacology of the central nervous system (CNS). It discusses that most CNS drugs act by changing ion flow through voltage-gated or ligand-gated ion channels in neurons. These ion channels generate excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials that influence neurotransmission. It also describes the major neurotransmitter systems in the CNS like acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, glycine and peptides, and examples of drugs that act on each system.

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    Introduction To Cns Pharmacology

    Uploaded by

    Christina_49
    89 views9 pages
    This document provides an introduction to pharmacology of the central nervous system (CNS). It discusses that most CNS drugs act by changing ion flow through voltage-gated or ligand-gated ion channels in neurons. These ion channels generate excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials that influence neurotransmission. It also describes the major neurotransmitter systems in the CNS like acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, glycine and peptides, and examples of drugs that act on each system.

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    farmakologi

    Original Title

    Introduction to Cns Pharmacology

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    This document provides an introduction to pharmacology of the central nervous system (CNS). It discusses that most CNS drugs act by changing ion flow through voltage-gated or ligand-gated ion channels in neurons. These ion channels generate excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials that influence neurotransmission. It also describes the major neurotransmitter systems in the CNS like acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, glycine and peptides, and examples of drugs that act on each system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    89 views9 pages

    Introduction To Cns Pharmacology

    Uploaded by

    Christina_49
    This document provides an introduction to pharmacology of the central nervous system (CNS). It discusses that most CNS drugs act by changing ion flow through voltage-gated or ligand-gated ion channels in neurons. These ion channels generate excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials that influence neurotransmission. It also describes the major neurotransmitter systems in the CNS like acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, glycine and peptides, and examples of drugs that act on each system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    INTRODUCTION TO

    CNS
    PHARMACOLOGY

    TARGETS OF CNS DRUG ACTION


    Most drugs that act on the CNS appear by
    changing ion flow through transmembrane
    channels of nerve cells.
    Types of ion channels :
    Voltage-gated
    respons to changes in membrane
    potential. Concentrated on the axon of
    nerve cells, cell bodies and dendrites
    Ligand-gated
    respons to chemical neurotransmitter that
    bind to reseptor.

    Role of ion current carried by the channel :


    EPSPs or excitatory postsinaptic potentials,
    are generated by the opening of sodium or
    calcium channels.
    IPSPs or inhibitory postsinaptic potentials,
    are generated by the opening of pottasium or
    chloride channels.
    Role of CNS organization :
    Hierarchial system
    are delimited in their anatomic distribution
    and generally contain large myelinated. It
    controls major sensory and motor
    function. The major EPSP is aspartat and
    glutamate, and the IPSP is GABA or
    glycine as transmitters.

    Diffuse systems
    are broadly distributed, single cell (axon)
    sending processes to many different areas.
    The transmitters in diffuse system are
    norepinephrine, dopamin, serotonin or
    peptides that action on metabotropic
    receptors.
    Criteria for neurotransmitter :
    Must present in high concentration in
    synaptic area.
    Must be released by stimulation via calciumdependent mechanism
    Must produce the same sort of postsynaptic
    response

    ACETYLCHOLINE
    Brain neurons have reseptor for ACh and most
    CNS response to ACh.
    Drugs affecting the activity of cholinergic
    system in the brain include the
    acethylcholinesterase inhibitors used in
    Alzheimers disease (eg.tacrine) and muscarinic
    blocking agents used in parkinsonism
    (eg.benztropine).
    DOPAMINE
    Dopamine reseptor the major in basal ganglia
    neurons and widely distributed at the
    supraspinal level.
    Drugs affecting the activity of dopaminergic
    include antipsikotics (eg.chlorpromazine), CNS
    stimulants (eg.amphetamine) and
    antiparkinsonsm drugs (eg.levodopa)

    NOREPINEPHRINE
    Are mainly located in the brain stem and the
    lateral tegmental area of the pons.
    Excitatory effects are caused by activation of
    alpha1 and beta1 reseptors.
    Inhibitory effects are caused by activation of
    alpha2 and beta2 reseptors.
    SEROTONIN
    Serotonin pathways from cell bodies or midline
    regions of the pons and upper brain stem.
    Used in the treatment of major depressive
    disorder (eg.tricyclic antidepressant, selective
    serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

    GLUTAMIC ACID
    Most neurons in the brain are excited by
    glutamic acid.
    Subtypes of glutamate reseptors include the
    NMDA reseptor which is blocked by
    phencyclidine and ketamin.
    GABA AND GLYCINE
    Is the primary neurotransmitter IPSP in neurons
    in the brain.
    Drugs that influence GABAergic system include
    sedative-hypnotic (eg.barbiturates,
    benzodiazepines), anticonvulsants
    (eg.gabapentin).
    Glycine reseptors more numerous in the cord,
    are blocked by strychnine (a spinal convulsant)

    PEPTIDE TRANSMITTER
    Identified in the CNS. Important therapeutic
    action for opioid analgesics (eg.morphine)

    THANK
    YOU

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