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    Folding of An Embryo

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    Sally Cahill
    The document discusses the folding of the embryo during the 4th week of development. It describes how the flat trilaminar disc folds into a cylindrical shape through folding in the median and horizontal planes. This results from rapid growth and incorporates parts of the yolk sac endoderm to form the gut. The gut initially consists of the foregut, midgut and hindgut, and the endoderm lining develops into organs like the lungs, liver and digestive tract.

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    Folding of An Embryo

    Uploaded by

    Sally Cahill
    151 views26 pages
    The document discusses the folding of the embryo during the 4th week of development. It describes how the flat trilaminar disc folds into a cylindrical shape through folding in the median and horizontal planes. This results from rapid growth and incorporates parts of the yolk sac endoderm to form the gut. The gut initially consists of the foregut, midgut and hindgut, and the endoderm lining develops into organs like the lungs, liver and digestive tract.

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    Folding of an Embryo lecture notes

    Original Title

    Folding of an Embryo

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    The document discusses the folding of the embryo during the 4th week of development. It describes how the flat trilaminar disc folds into a cylindrical shape through folding in the median and horizontal planes. This results from rapid growth and incorporates parts of the yolk sac endoderm to form the gut. The gut initially consists of the foregut, midgut and hindgut, and the endoderm lining develops into organs like the lungs, liver and digestive tract.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    151 views26 pages

    Folding of An Embryo

    Uploaded by

    Sally Cahill
    The document discusses the folding of the embryo during the 4th week of development. It describes how the flat trilaminar disc folds into a cylindrical shape through folding in the median and horizontal planes. This results from rapid growth and incorporates parts of the yolk sac endoderm to form the gut. The gut initially consists of the foregut, midgut and hindgut, and the endoderm lining develops into organs like the lungs, liver and digestive tract.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Folding of the Embryo

    Formation of Gut
    Endodermal Derivatives

    By: Dr. Mujahid Khan

    Folding Of Embryo
    Flat trilaminar disc folds into a somewhat

    cylindrical embryo
    Folding occurs in both median & horizontal
    planes
    Results from rapid growth of the embryo
    Long axis increases rapidly than the sides
    Occurs simultaneously on both axis
    Constriction at the junction of embryo &
    yolk sac

    Folding in Median Plane


    Occurs in the cranial and caudal ends
    Causing head and tail folds
    Moving ventrally as the embryo elongates

    cranially and caudally

    Head Fold

    At the beginning of the 4th week

    Neural folds in the cranial region thickened to


    form primordium of the brain

    Initially the developing brain projects dorsally


    into the amniotic cavity

    Later grows cranially beyond the oropharyngeal


    membrane

    Overhangs the developing heart

    Head Fold

    Septum transversum, primordial heart,


    pericardial coelom & oropharyngeal membrane
    move onto the ventral surface

    Endoderm of the yolk sac is incorporated into


    the embryo as a foregut

    The foregut lies between the brain & heart

    Oropharyngeal membrane separates the foregut


    from the stomodeum

    Head Fold
    Septum

    transversum lies caudal to heart


    after the folding and develops into central
    tendon of diaphragm

    Head fold also affects the arrangement of

    the primordium of body cavity which


    consists of a flattened horseshoe shaped
    cavity before folding

    Tail Fold
    Results primarily from

    part of the neural tube

    This is primordium

    growth of the distal

    of the spinal cord

    As embryo grows, the caudal eminence

    projects over the cloacal membrane

    During folding, part of endoderm

    is
    incorporated into the embryo as a hindgut

    Tail Fold
    Terminal part of the hindgut soon dilates to

    form the cloaca

    Cloaca is the primordium

    bladder and rectum

    of urinary

    Before folding primitive streak lies cranial

    to the cloacal membrane

    After folding it lies caudal to it

    After Tail Fold


    The connecting stalk (primordium

    of
    umbilical cord) is attached to the ventral
    surface of the embryo

    Allantois (a diverticulum

    of yolk sac) is
    partially incorporated into the embryo

    Folding in Horizontal Plane


    Folding on sides of the embryo produces

    right and left lateral folds

    Is produced by rapidly growing spinal cord

    and somites

    Ventrolateral rolling of the edges of

    embryonic disc form roughly cylindrical


    embryo

    Folding in Horizontal Plane


    As the abdominal walls form, part of

    endoderm is incorporated into the embryo


    as the midgut

    Initially there is a wide connection

    between midgut & yolk sac

    After folding the connection is reduced to

    yolk stalk

    Folding in Horizontal Plane

    Umbilical cord forms from the connecting stalk

    As it forms, ventral fusion of the lateral folds


    reduces the region of communication between
    intraembryonic and extraembryonic coelomic
    cavities to a narrow communication

    Amniotic cavity expands and obliterates


    extraembryonic coelom

    Derivatives of Endoderm
    Endoderm gives rise to the epithelial lining
    of:
    Trachea
    Bronchi
    lungs

    Derivatives of Endoderm
    Endoderm gives rise to the epithelial lining of:

    Gastrointestinal tract

    Liver

    Pancreas

    Urinary bladder

    urachus

    Derivatives of Endoderm
    Endoderm gives rise to the epithelial lining of:

    Pharynx

    Thyroid

    Tympanic cavity

    Pharyngotympanic tube

    Tonsils

    Parathyroid glands

    Formation of Gut
    Primordial gut at the beginning of the 4 th

    week is closed at its:


    Cranial end by oropharyngeal membrane
    Caudal end by the cloacal membrane

    Formation of Gut
    Primordial gut forms during the 4 th

    week

    as the head, tail and lateral fold


    incorporate the dorsal part of the yolk sac
    into the embryo
    The endoderm

    of the primordial gut gives


    rise to most of the epithelium and glands
    of the digestive tract

    Formation of Gut
    The epithelium

    at the cranial and caudal


    ends of the tract is derived from ectoderm
    of the stomodeum (mouth) proctodeum
    (anal pit)

    The muscular, connective tissue, and other

    layers of the wall of the digestive tract are


    derived from the splanchnic mesenchyme
    surrounding the primordial gut

    Formation of Gut
    For descriptive purposes the primordial
    gut is divided into 3 parts:
    Foregut
    Midgut
    Hindgut

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