Presentors:

Edwin Abad Jr.

Mikee Millet Zabat

The
International
Convention
for the Safety
of Life at Sea
(SOLAS)

The sinking of the RMS

Titanic on April 15, 1912
caused the death of more
than 1,500 people in one
of the deadliest maritime
disasters in modern
history.

April 10, 1912 RMS Titanic departing

Southampton

The United Kingdom Government suggested

holding a conference to develop international
regulations. The 1st international convention
for the Safety of Life st Sea (SOLAS) :

SOLAS 1914

Was attended by the Representatives of 13

countries.
Introduced new international requirements
dealing with safety of navigation for all
merchant ships
Formulate the provision of watertight and
fire-resistant bulkhead.
Provision for life-saving appliances.
Provision for fire prevention and fire
fighting appliances on passenger ships.
Carriage of radiotelegraph equipment for
ships carrying more than 50 persons

 Establishment of the North Atlantic Ice

Patrol. (Now the International Ice Patrol
or IIP)

SOLAS 1914

The 1st International Convention for

the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) was
adopted on January 20 1914.
The entry into force or succession in
July 1915 did not happen because of the
war that had broken out in Europe.
It had been signed by only 5 states but
led to extensive application regulations in
Britain, France, the United States and
Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark,
Finland and Iceland).

SOLAS 1929

In 1927, proposals were made for another

conference which was held in London in
1929.
18 countries attended.
Provision articles for ships
construction
Additional provision for lifesaving
equipment.
Addition provision for fire prevention
and fire fighting.
Provision for wireless telegraphy
equipment
Provision for navigation aids.
Revised the international regulations
for preventing collisions at sea
(Collision Regulations)
Entered into force in 1933.

SOLAS 1929
The Mohawk Collision: almost 50 people
dead. U.S. only ratifies SOLAS 1929 on
1936 and establish required subdivision
regulations.

By 1948, the 1929 convention had

been overtaken by technical
developments and the United Kingdom
again hosted an international
conference which adopted the 3rd
SOLAS Convention.

SOLAS 1948

SOLAS 1948 contains:

Additional factors of subdivisions.
Additional requirement for stability
after damage.
It followed the already established
pattern but covered a wider range
of ships and went into considerably
greater detail.

SOLAS 1960

The collision and sinking of the Andrea Doria in

1956 in which more than 40 people perished and
half the lifeboats rendered useless due to severe
vessel list, prompted the convening of the 1st
SOLAS Conference under the support of the
Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative
Organization (IMCO) in 1960.

SOLAS 1960

SOLAS 1960 contains:

Few changes in the stability
requirements.
Proposals for the intact stability
standards for the passenger ships, cargo
ships and fishing vessels.
Damage stability and standards for
cargo ships.
Modernizing regulations and keeping
pace with technical developments in the
shipping industry.
This laid the groundwork for
developing a probabilistic approach to
the evaluation of subdivision and
damage stability for passenger and
cargo ships.
Adopted on June 17, 1960 and entered
into force in 1965.

SOLAS 1974

The last SOLAS Convention.

SOLAS 1974 Conference was held in London
from October 21 to November 1 and was attended
by 71 countries.
The new Convention included not only the
amendments agreed up until that date but a new
amendment procedure - the tacit acceptance
procedure- designed to ensure that changes could
be made within a specified (and acceptably short)
period of time.
Instead of requiring that an amendment shall
enter into force after being accepted by, for
example, two thirds of the Parties, the tacit
acceptance procedure provides that an
amendment shall enter into force on a specified
date unless, before that date, objections to the
amendment are received from an agreed number
of Parties.

AMENDMENTS

The 1980s: IMO Develop Stability

Criteria.
In 1988 based on amendments of
International Radio Regulations in
1987, it replaced Morse code with
the Global Maritime Distress Safety
System (GMDSS) and came into force
beginning February 1, 1992.
The 1990s: Focused on Ro-Ro
Passenger Vessels and Stability
Standards
The 2000s: Improving International
Regulatory Instruments.
In June 2014 IMOs Maritime Safety
Committee adopted amendments to the
International Safety Management
(ISM) Code which are due to enter into
force last January 1, 2015.

S
Sea

afety

Of Life At

Sections of
t h e Tr e a t y

SOLAS
Signs

SOLAS,
1974
T
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EC
CH
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CA
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RO
OV
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To specify minimum standards for the
construction, equipment and operation of
ships, compatible with their safety
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SOLAS,
1974
C
C hh aa pp tt ee rr II G
G ee nn ee rr aa ll PP rr oo vv ii ss ii oo nn ss

Includes
regulations
Passenger
Ship
troopships
ship
w/c
Passenger
Ship
ship
w/c carries
carries concerning the survey of the
Ships
of
war
or
Ships
of
war
or
troopships
Surveys
and
Surveys
andtypes of ships and the issuing of documents
various
than
12
passengers
more
than
12
passengers
more
Cargo
ships
of
Cargo ships of less
less than
than 500
500
Inspections
Inspections
Cargo
Ship

ship
w/c
is
not
aa
Cargo
Ship

ship
w/c
is
not
signifying
that
the
ship
meets the requirements of
tons
gross
tonnage
tons
gross
tonnage
passenger
passenger ship
ship
the
Convention.
It by
for the
A
u
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Tanker

Ships
not
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hincludes
p ii ss p
pu
u tprovisions
t
Ships
not
designed
Tanker cargo
cargo
shippropelled
designed to
to carry
ii n
ss ee rr vv iiof
cc ee ships in ports of other Contracting
nmeans
mechanical
mechanical
means
bulk
of
liquid
cargoes
of
bulk
of control
liquid
cargoes
of an
an
A
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inflammable
Wooden
ships
nature
Wooden Governments.
ships of
of primitive
primitive
inflammable
nature
1
on
12
2 m
m
n tt h
h ssfor catching
Fishing
oused
build
Fishing
Vessel
used
for catching
build Vessel
A
d
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ii tt ii oo n
aa ll
ss u
w
A
d
d
n
u rr vv ee yy
wh
h ee n
n
fish
fish
Pleasure
yachts
not
engaged
Pleasure o
yachts
not
engaged
n
o cccc a
a ss ii ooprovided
n aa rr ii ss ee swith
s
Nuclear
Ship
ship
Nuclear
Ship

ship
provided
with aa
in
in trades
trades
power
plant
nuclear
power
plant
nuclear
Fishing
vessels
Fishing
vessels

SOLAS,
1974
C
Ch
h aa p
p tt ee rr
ss tt aa b
b ii ll ii tt yy ,,

II II -- 1
-- C
1
C oo n
n ss tt rr u
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n (( S
Su
ub
bd
d ii vv ii ss ii oo n
n aa n
nd
d
m
m aa cc h
h ii n
n ee rr yy aa n
nd
d ee ll ee cc tt rr ii cc aa ll ii n
n ss tt aa ll ll aa tt ii oo n
n ss ))

The
Requirements
subdivision covering
of passenger
machinery
ships into
and
watertight
electrical installations
compartments
are must
designed
be such
to ensure
that
after
that services
assumedwhich
damage
are essential
to the ship's
for the
hull
safety
the
vessel
of the
will ship,
remainpassengers
afloat and stable.
and crew are
maintained
under
various integrity
emergency
Requirements
for watertight
and
conditions.
bilge
pumping
arrangements
passenger
"Goal-based
standards"
for oilfortankers
and
ships
are also
laidadopted
down as
well as stability
bulk carriers
were
in 2010
requirements for both passenger and cargo
ships.

SOLAS,
1974
C
-Ch
ha
ap
p tt e
e rr II II -- 2
2
d
de
e tt e
e cc tt ii o
on
n a
an
nd
d fi
fi rre
e

Fi
Fi rre
e p
pr o
o tt e
e cc tt ii o
on
n ,,
e
exx tt ii n
n cc tt ii o
on
n

fi
fi rre
e

Includes detailed fire safety provisions for all ships and

specific measures for passenger ships, cargo ships
and tankers.

division
division of
of the
the ship
ship into
into main
main and
and
vertical
vertical zones
zones by
by thermal
thermal and
and structural
structural
boundaries
boundaries
separation
separation of
of accommodation
accommodation spaces
spaces
from
from the
the remainder
remainder of
of the
the ship
ship by
by
thermal
thermal and
and structural
structural boundaries
boundaries
restricted
restricted use
use of
of combustible
combustible materials
materials
detection
detection of
of any
any fire
fire in
in the
the zone
zone of
of
origin
origin

containment
containment and
and extinction
extinction of
of any
any fire
fire in
in
the
the space
space of
of origin
origin
protection
protection of
of the
the means
means of
of escape
escape or
or of
of
access
access for
for fire-fighting
fire-fighting purposes
purposes
ready
ready availability
availability of
of fire-extinguishing
fire-extinguishing
appliances
appliances
minimization
minimization of
of the
the possibility
possibility of
of ignition
ignition
of
of flammable
flammable cargo
cargo vapor.
vapor.

SOLAS,
1974
C
Ch
ha
ap
p tt e
e rr II II II -- LL ii ff e
e -- ss a
a vv ii n
ng
g a
ap
pp
p ll ii a
an
n cc e
e ss a
an
nd
d
a
a rr rr a
an
ng
ge
em
me
en
n tt ss
Includes requirements for life-saving appliances and
arrangements, including requirements for life boats,
rescue boats and life jackets according to type of ship.
International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code

SOLAS,
1974
C
Ch
h aa p
p tt ee rr II V
V

-- R
R aa d
d ii oo cc oo m
mm
mu
un
n ii cc aa tt ii oo n
n ss

Incorporates the Global Maritime Distress and Safety

System (GMDSS)
Emergency position indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs)
and search and rescue transponders (SARTs)

SOLAS,
1974
C
C hh aa pp tt ee rr V
V

-- SS aa ff ee tt yy oo ff N
N aa vv ii gg aa tt ii oo nn

Identifies certain navigation safety services which

should be provided by Contracting Governments and
sets forth provisions of an operational nature
applicable in general to all ships on all voyages.

SOLAS,
1974
C
Ch
ha
ap
p tt e
e rr V
V II
(( G
G rr a
a ii n
n ss ))

-- C
Ca
a rrrr ii a
ag
ge
e o
o ff C
Ca
a rrg
go
oe
e ss

Covers all types of cargo (except liquids and gases in

bulk) "which, owing to their particular hazards to ships
or persons on board, may require special precautions
International
Code

Grain

SOLAS,
1974
C
Ch
ha
ap
p tt e
e rr V
V II II
G
Go
oo
od
d ss

-- C
Ca
a rrrr ii a
ag
ge
e o
o ff D
Da
an
ng
ge
e rro
ou
u ss

Part D
AC
Carriagespecial
of dangerous
goods
equipment
in packaged
of ships
form
B -includes
covers
Construction
and
requirements
for
the carriage
of
-packaged
carrying
includesliquefied
provisions
gases
for inthe
bulk
classification,
and gas
packing,
to
dangerous
liquid
chemicals
in carriers
bulk
and
irradiated
nuclear
fuel,
plutonium
and
highmarking,
comply
with
labelling
the requirements
and
placarding,
of
documentation
International
Gas
and
requires
chemical
tankers
to the
comply
the
level radioactive
wastes
on board
ships
andwith
requires
stowage
Carrier
Code
of dangerous
(IGC
Code).
goods.
International
Bulksuch
Chemical
Code to
(IBCcomply
Code). with the
ships carrying
products
International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged
Irradiated
Nuclear
Fuel,
Plutonium
and (IMDG)
High-Level
International
Maritime
Dangerous
Goods
Radioactive
Wastes on Board Ships (INF Code).
Code

SOLAS,
1974
C
Ch
ha
ap
p tt e
e rr V
V II II II
S
Sh
h ii p
p ss

-- N
Nu
u cc ll e
ea
a rr

Gives basic requirements for nuclear-powered ships

and is particularly concerned with radiation hazards.

Code of Safety for Nuclear Merchant

Ships, 1981

SOLAS,
1974
C
Ch
ha
ap
p tt e
e rr II X
X
O
Op
pe
e rr a
a tt ii o
on
n o
o ff

-- M
Ma
an
na
ag
ge
em
me
en
n tt ff o
o rr tt h
he
e S
Sa
a ff e
e
S
Sh
h ii p
p ss

Makes
mandatory
the
International
Safety
Management (ISM) Code, which requires a safety
management system to be established by the ship
owner or any person who has assumed responsibility
for the ship

SOLAS,
1974
C
-Ch
ha
ap
p tt e
e rr X
X
S
Sp
pe
ee
ed
d C
C rr a
a ff tt ss

S
S a ff e
e tt yy

M
Me
ea
a ss u
u rre
e ss

ff o
o rr

H
H ii g
gh
h --

Makes mandatory the International Code of

Safety for High-Speed Craft (HSC Code).

SOLAS,
1974
C
-- S
Ch
ha
ap
p tt e
e rr X
X II -- 1
1
Sp
pe
e cc ii a
a ll
E
En
nh
ha
an
n cc e
e M
Ma
a rr ii tt ii m
me
e S
Sa
a ff e
e tt yy

M
Me
ea
a ss u
u rre
e ss

tt o
o

Clarifies requirements relating to authorization of

recognized organizations (responsible for carrying out
surveys and inspections on Administrations' behalves);
enhanced surveys; ship identification number scheme;
and port State control on operational requirements.

SOLAS,
1974
C
-- S
Ch
ha
ap
p tt e
e rr X
X II -- 2
2
Sp
pe
e cc ii a
a ll
E
En
nh
ha
an
n cc e
e M
Ma
a rr ii tt ii m
me
e S
Se
e cc u
u rr ii tt yy

M
Me
ea
a ss u
u rre
e ss

tt o
o

Regulation
XI-2/8
XI-2/3
confirms
of all the
the role
chapter
of the Master
enshrines
in
the
Regulation
ships
to
be
Regulation XI-2/5
XI-2/6 requires
covers requirements
for port facilities,
provided
ship
security
alert
system.Security
International
exercising
hisaShip
professional
and
Port
judgement
Facilities
over decisions
Code (ISPS
providingwith
among
other
things
for
Contracting
Code).
necessary
toto
maintain
theport
security
the ship. It says he
Governments
ensure that
facilityofsecurity
shall
not be are
constrained
the
Company,
the charterer
assessments
carried outby
and
that
port facility
or any other
in this implemented
respect.
security
plans person
are developed,
and
reviewed
accordance
with the ISPS Code
Part A of in
the
Code is mandatory
Part B contains guidance as to how best to comply with
the mandatory requirements.

SOLAS,
1974
C
Ch
ha
ap
p tt e
e rr X
X II II
C
Ca
a rrrr ii e
e rr ss

-- A
Ad
dd
d ii tt ii o
on
na
a ll S
Sa
a ff e
e tt yy ff o
o rr B
Bu
u ll kk

Structural requirements for bulk carriers over 150 metres

in length.

Safety
Signs

Thank You!