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    Anisocoria

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    danitadwi
    This document discusses anisocoria, which is an unequal pupil size difference of greater than 0.4 mm. It provides details on the anatomy and innervation of the pupil, mechanisms of accommodation, causes of anisocoria including physiological and pathological factors, examination techniques like the pupil light reflex test, and classifications of anisocoria. Specific clinical diseases that can cause anisocoria are discussed in depth, like Horner's syndrome, Argyll Robertson pupil, Adie's tonic pupil, and third nerve palsy. Treatment options are provided depending on the underlying cause of the anisocoria.

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    Anisocoria

    Uploaded by

    danitadwi
    137 views19 pages
    This document discusses anisocoria, which is an unequal pupil size difference of greater than 0.4 mm. It provides details on the anatomy and innervation of the pupil, mechanisms of accommodation, causes of anisocoria including physiological and pathological factors, examination techniques like the pupil light reflex test, and classifications of anisocoria. Specific clinical diseases that can cause anisocoria are discussed in depth, like Horner's syndrome, Argyll Robertson pupil, Adie's tonic pupil, and third nerve palsy. Treatment options are provided depending on the underlying cause of the anisocoria.

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    This document discusses anisocoria, which is an unequal pupil size difference of greater than 0.4 mm. It provides details on the anatomy and innervation of the pupil, mechanisms of accommodation, causes of anisocoria including physiological and pathological factors, examination techniques like the pupil light reflex test, and classifications of anisocoria. Specific clinical diseases that can cause anisocoria are discussed in depth, like Horner's syndrome, Argyll Robertson pupil, Adie's tonic pupil, and third nerve palsy. Treatment options are provided depending on the underlying cause of the anisocoria.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    137 views19 pages

    Anisocoria

    Uploaded by

    danitadwi
    This document discusses anisocoria, which is an unequal pupil size difference of greater than 0.4 mm. It provides details on the anatomy and innervation of the pupil, mechanisms of accommodation, causes of anisocoria including physiological and pathological factors, examination techniques like the pupil light reflex test, and classifications of anisocoria. Specific clinical diseases that can cause anisocoria are discussed in depth, like Horner's syndrome, Argyll Robertson pupil, Adie's tonic pupil, and third nerve palsy. Treatment options are provided depending on the underlying cause of the anisocoria.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    ANISOCORIA

    Pembimbing:
    dr. Donny H Hamid, SpS
    Disusun oleh :
    Danita Dwi Maryana
    1102011070

    PUPIL

    Sphincter
    pupillae
    Dilator pupillae

    Ciliary muscle

    OPTIC NERVE

    OCULOMOTORIUS NERVE

    Pupillary Light Reflex

    The afferent and efferent


    parasympathetic pathway

    Oculosympathetic pathway

    Mechanisme of Accommodation
    If the eyes staring at an object that is moving closer, then the events
    as follows:
    Contraction of the medial rectus muscle of both eyes for a
    convergence eyes axis
    Thickening of the lens by ciliaris muscle to increase the refractive
    power
    Pupillary constriction to limit incoming light

    ANISOCORIA PUPIL
    Definition
    Anisocoria terms derived from the Greek word literally means
    unequal pupil size. anisocoria was defined as a pupillary inequality of
    greater than, or less than, 0.4 mm.
    Epidemiology
    Up to 20% of the general population
    has physiologic anisocoria.

    Examination

    Pupil Light Reflex

    Swinging
    Flashlight

    Accommodation

    Etiology and Classificated


    Anisocoria

    Physicological

    Patological

    Afferent
    defect

    Central defect

    Efferent
    defect

    Treatment
    In cases where the condition is caused by particular pharmacological drugs like asthma

    inhalers or eyedrop, it may be possible that doing away with the medication will remedy
    the condition.
    When anisocoria is suspected to be resulting from Horners syndrome, the medical
    practitioners or ophthalmologists will search for this disorder using a ten percent cocaine
    solution. If detected, a number of treatment pathways would be suggested depending on
    what caused the syndrome. In case the condition is resulting from a recent stroke, then its
    cause has to be treated. In case there is a tumor either along ones cervical spine or in
    your lung, consulting an oncological specialist would be important.
    Diagnosing and repairing the mechanical damage of the iris- anisocoria may result from
    traumatized, torn or inflamed iris especially in case you have undergone surgery in the
    recent times. The inflammation may be taken care of by taking medication if the cause is
    a mechanical issue. In cases where traumatic damage is the cause, the medical
    practitioner may advice you to give it some time to heal.
    Treating the oculomotor nerve palsy- the medical practitioners would device as well as
    execute a therapy plan.
    Treating swelling of the brain tissue or the brain- cortisone shots may be recommended for
    in on your face or other areas. This reduces the inflammation thereby causing the normal
    size of the pupils to be regained.

    Clinical disease

    Horners
    Syndrome

    AdieTonic Pupil

    Agryll Robertson
    pupil

    Oculomotor Nerve
    Palsy

    Horners Syndrome

    Etiology

    Argyll Robertson Pupil

    Etiology

    Adies Tonic Pupil

    Etiology

    Third Nerve (Oculomotorius)


    Palsy

    Etiology

    References
    1. Bremner, F.D. Pupil Abnormalities. OT 2000; 2: 32-38.
    2. Andreassi J. Pupillary Response and Behavior. Pyschophysiology: Human Behavior & Physiological
    Response.2013. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
    3. Millodot. Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. 2009. Butterworth-Heinemann.
    4. Eggenberger, E. R. Anisocoria. Diunduh dari http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/. Diakses pada tanggal 8
    Mei 2015.
    5. Friedman, N.J., and Kaiser P.K. 2007. Essential of Opthalmology. USA: Elsevier.
    6. Bournias, T.E. 2004. Neuro Opthalmology, Chapter 6. In: Opthalmology. USA: Blackwell Publishing.
    7. Kenneth, W.L., and Bone I. 1997. Neurology and Neurosurgery Illustrated. UK: Churchill Livingstone.
    8. Lam, B.L., Thompson H.S., and Corbett J.J. 1987. The Prevalance of Simple Anisocoria. Am J Opthalmol 104(1):
    69-73.
    9. Baehr, M. and Frotscher M. Diagnosis Topik Neurologi DUUS: Anatomi, Fisiologi, Tanda, Gejala. Edisi 4. EGC,
    2010, Jakarta.
    10. Budiman, G. Jaras-Jaras Neuroanatomi. Sagung Seto.2003. Jakarta.
    11. Anonym. Horners Syndrome. Diunduh dari
    http://differentialdiagnosisoftos.weebly.com/horners-syndrome.html Diakses pada tanggal 9 Mei 2015.
    12.Diunduh dari http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid. Diakses pada tanggal 9 Mei 2015.
    13. Diunduh dari http://www.neurology.org/content/79/11/e97/F1.expansion.html Diakses pada tanggal 9 Mei
    2015.
    14. Cranial Nerves. Diunduh dari http://www.blackwellpublishing.com Diakses pada tanggal 9 Mei 2015.
    15. Pupillary Responses. Diunduh dari http://www.neuroexam.com/neuroexam diakses pada tanggal 10 Mei 2015
    16. Anisocoria. Diunduh dari http://www. primehealthchanel.com Diakses pada tanggal 10 Mei 2015.

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