Permit-To-Work-System

Familiarization

MAIN OBJECTIVES here today!

1)Understand OBJECTIVES &

GUIDELINES on PTW System
2) Identify POTENTIAL HAZARDS
& to EXECUTE WORK
SAFELY

End-of-day TARGET
BE ABLE TO :1) Carry-out hazardous work activities in a safe manner
2) Interpret effective PTW System form-filling
3) Clarify responsibilities of personnel involved
4) Co-ordinate non-routine activities via work planning
5) Specify isolations preventing potential hazards
6) Control activities as not to create harmful results
7) Determine non-conflict work activities
8) Comply with statutory provisions wrt worksite safety
9) Improve confidence in the safety standards
10) Be a reliable team member contributing to Zero Incident

Introduction of PTWS
The Petroleum industry handles large quantities of flammable & toxic
materials, so the potential of serious accident is clear.
When incidents occur, human factor is often a root cause. This is so
due to lack of training, instruction or understanding of either the purpose
or practical application of a Permit-To-Work (PTW) Systems.
However, a permit should not be regarded as a statement that all hazards
& risks have been eliminated from the work area. It ensures that those
authorized & trained have thought about the foreseeable risks being
avoided using suitable precautions.
Those carrying out the job should think about and understand what they
are doing & how their work may interface with that of others i.w.o. work
incompatibility and handing over without acknowledging safety
concerns towards oneself & others.
ref: OGP (Intl Assoc of Oil & Gas Producers

PTWS (quick caption)

Documents a CONTRACT between persons whom control the workplace
and whom carry out the work / task.
CONTROL ACTIVITIES like Maintenance, Hazardous Works & Non-Routine
Activities,
WHICH MAY RESULT IN HARM to Personnel, Process Equipment & Environment.

Achieves SAFE ENVIRONMENT via Planning, Training, Good Communications,

Monitoring & Inspections of worksite upon COMPLETION OF WORK
Applicable to FPSO Ops Team
- Commissioning & Hook-Up (incl. Vendors & Contractors)
- 3rd Party Inspection (Surveyor, Client Rep.)

Functions of PTWS
1.

Assess potential hazards in a planned scope of work

2.

Specify isolations & precautions required preventing potential hazards

3.

Clarify responsibilities of ALL personnel involved

4.

Coordinate / Control non-routine work activities

5.

Gives record on showing precautions being implemented

6.

Control conditions between worksite & work activities

7.

Establish conditions to enable requested work be undertaken without danger to personnel or facility

8.

Effective control in cases of conflicting works

9.

Ensure all personnel including sub-contractors & visitors receive training on effective use of the PTW System

10.

Comply with statutory provisions/legislatives with regards to work-site safety & well-being

When is PTWS applicable

Each period it is intended to carry out a work which may adversely affect
the safety of personnel, the environment or the facility.

Normally considered to non-routine activities which may also require

some form of Job Safety Analysis (JSA) prior to work commencement.

Used when two or more individuals or groups, perhaps from different

trades, need to coordinate their activities to ensure that their work is
completed safe.

PTWS Training
Reflect different responsibilities of: person issuing the permit
person-In-Charge of the work
workforce
Understandings in: legislation & industry guidance
company policy, local rules & procedures
responsibilities
case histories of accident &/or near-misses involving failure of PTWS
Demonstrate knowledge & competence in: potential hazards existing
means of mitigating the hazards before issuing a permit
use of different forms & records
communication skills
shift handover requirements
auditing & monitoring requirements

PTWS Training
Communication (discuss/state clearly): exact scope pf work, number of personnel & special tools involved
potential hazards, precautions taken wrt informing others involved
actions required in event of emergency, also wrt changes in work
environment
Monitoring of PTW System (spot-checkings): Is the permit displayed at the worksite?
Has the permit been properly completed?
Is specified safety equipment in place?
Are specified precautions adequate & being implemented?
Has the personnel been briefed, & are the conditions of the permit &
nature of work to be performed understood?
ref: OGP (Intl Assoc of Oil & Gas Producers

Roles & Responsibilities

ORGANISATION
CHART

Authorization
Authority
CHSELS

Storeman
(x2)

OIM

Production
Superintendent

Lead
Cargo
Operator

Bosun

Cargo
Operator

GPO /
ABs

Technical
Administrator

Maintenance
Supervisor

Performing
Authority

Production
Supervisor

Senior
DCS
Operators

Lead
Mechanical
Technician

Laboratory
Technician

Lead
Instrument
& Electical
Technician

Campboss

Chief
Cook

2nd
Cook
Mechanical
Technician

Instrument
& Electrical
Technician
MessLaundry
Man

Production
Operators
Fitter

Utility
Operator
Room
Steward

Medic
Radio Operator

Roles & Responsibilities

Offshore Installation Manager (OIM): management, operation & safety of the installation
health, safety & welfare of personnel working 500 meters radius
from the installation
identify all works requiring a permit
resolve conflicts where safety may be jeopardized
effectively control hazards via work suspension, rescheduling or
taking additional measures
ensures responsibility, supervision & monitoring for each of the
persons whom prepares the permit
ensures effective hand-over in particular to uncompleted works
system isolations
approves all hotwork, coldwork & Inhibit Protection Certificates

Roles & Responsibilities

Area Superintendent / Head Of Department (HOD): ensures isolation been examined & methods inline with facility
isolation procedures
make all understand the conditions of the permit
reviews Hazard ID & to add additional precautions, if need to
minimizes hazards at worksite & adjacent areas
ensures personnel involve has overview of all activities, hazards
& controls, and also to involve these personnel in discussions on
sequence of permits & isolations for plant shutdowns
appoints a Safety Observer or Safety Watch Person if required

Roles & Responsibilities

Offshore Production Supervisor (PS): responsible person in Control Room
co-ordinates & controls issue and return of permits
maintains overview of all operations
authorizes permits for work to proceed
responsible for the safety & control of the process/production
areas and all assets within
aware of work in progress & ensures safety of the worksite
remains in place
has full authority to stop any person from working if they are not
acting in a safe manner
perform auditing:- spot checks
- sign the permits at appropriate places

Roles & Responsibilities

Permit Applicant (Performing Authority - PA): person whom applies the permit
may also be a Contractors Supervisor on site
responsible for planning & execution of work tasks
identify potential hazards & list all precautions required
supervises the work specified on the permit
briefs all involve on permit conditions, boundaries precautions
and safety equipment
signs the permit (acting also as PICWS, or he may delegate
another person)

Roles & Responsibilities

Person In-Charge of the Work Site (PICWS): appointed by the Performing Authority (PA) to exercise direct
supervision
fully understands the work & precautions taken
ensures all are briefed on work, precautions & conditions
ensures Safety Checklists are observed
ensures permit is displayed at work site
ensures validity of permit, and that the work site copy of the
permit is returned to the CCR (Central Control Room) after expiry
ensures ALL Permits returned to CCR at end of each shift
ensures work site left in a safe & tidy state at each shift-change, on
completion or suspension of work
STOP WORK if scope changes and to notify Area Authority / PA
ensures permits are handed-over for re-endorsement if required
be at work site throughout duration of work

Roles & Responsibilities

Firewatcher : trained in basic fire-fighting & use of gas-detection equipment
monitors the work area
ensures flammable materials are cleared away
ensures all drains remain covered & sealed
contains all sparks & welding splatter
ensures fire-fighting equipment is available & ready for immediate use
familiar with means of raising the alarm
Safety Observer : trained & experienced in working in confined spaces, rescue
techniques and first aid
when monitoring confined spaces via entry manhole, always be in
continuous communication & observation with all entries, and be
equipped with a radio to call for immediate assistance if & when required

Roles & Responsibilities

Authorized Gas Tester (AGT) : appointed by OIM
test for presence of flammable vapors, toxic gases and oxygen
interpret results of these tested gases
responsible for the retests required for Gas Testing Certificates
carry-out site gas tests for work permits
AGTs name will be registered

Isolation Authority : responsible for application & removal of isolations (Preparation & Re
Instatement Form)
under instructions of the Production Supervisor (PS)
advises the PS on the isolations required for PTWS and also for
Sanction to Test requirements

Roles & Responsibilities

Responsible Electrical Person : responsible for all electrical isolations on the FPSO
CCR Operator : maintain up-to-date register of ALL active permits & certificates
files the closed-out permits & certificates
change/adjust the Fire & Gas Detection and Emergency Shutdown
systems as required by the permits
Helideck Landing Officer (HLO) : responsible for helideck safety
trained in UHF & VHF radio, call signs and frequencies used
trained in fire-fighting techniques for helideck operations
understands all systems installed for helideck protection
trained in hazards of loading & offloading passengers on helicopters
with rotors turning & aware of hazards of tail-rotor
trained in cargo & baggage handling operations
understands stringent quality checks for helicopter fuel

Roles & Responsibilities

Helideck Team Member : trained in fire-fighting techniques for helicopter operations
understands all systems installed for helideck protection
trained in hazards of loading & offloading passengers on helicopters
with rotors turning & aware of hazards of tail-rotor
trained in cargo & baggage handling operations
trained in process of re-fuelling the helicopters
understands stringent quality checks for helicopter fuel
MASTER/CHSEL (Cargo, Health, Safety, Environment & Logistics) : CHSEL Supervisor if responsible for cargo operations, offtake
operations, berthing & disconnection, cargo transfer and documentations
maintained requirements & procedures in Safety Management System
manage human resources
assist management of facility onboard, ie. management budget,
accounts preparations and financial reports
cont

Roles & Responsibilities

cont
co-ordinate with OIM/PS/Maintenance Supervisor during emergencies
maintains & make ready for use facilitys life saving and fire fighting
appliances
ensure all practical measures to prevent pollution
ensure vessel stability is maintained at all times
co-ordinate operations of crude oil storage, ballasting, crude oil tank
washing and tank inerting operations
supervise supply vessel & helicopter operations
ensures knowledge on safety requirements (incl. PTWS), operational
& emergency procedures, Company policies & instructions
ensures ALL fresh personnel joining the vessel quickly familiarizes
with vessels safety, fire-fighting appliance and PTWS
conduct drills on lifesaving, fire-fighting and others in accordance with
regulations and Facility Management System requirements
facilitate annual reviews with OIM/PS/Maintenance Supervisor on
Safety Management System, Operational Procedures and to
document these findings within the Compliance Review Sheet

Safety Requirements

Safety Requirements
Management Statement
a) formal written statement (PTWS) to control hazardous operations
b) positive communications between installation management,
supervisors & technicians
c) personnel to receive training in PTW System and demonstrates an
acceptable level of competency
d) all to understand individuals roles & responsibilities
Supervision of Operations
a) all operations & non-routine maintenance on facility to be supervised by OIM (or delegate) in accordance with PTW System

Safety Requirements
Number of Permits in Operation
1) total number of permits in operation at one time is at the discretion of
the OIM
2) Hotwork Permits running simultaneously are limited to 3 only
Emergency Situation
1)

Work may proceed (without permit endorsement) during emergencies, but prior to verbal agreement being noted inside the
CCR logbook at the time it is made

2)

Permit issue shall follow as soon as possible after the log entry

3)

It is in NO WAY relieves the PS/Area Authority off the responsibility to control work effectively

Safety Requirements
Emergency Alarms
1) at the sound of Emergency Alarm, ALL permits shall be automatically
suspended (regardless of drill or actual emergency)
2) ALL shall STOP WORK, make the work area safe, report to Muster
Station and bringing the permit along
3) after emergency is called-off, earlier works via permits shall not
commence until suspended permits are re-issued (ALL permits are to
return to CCR for re-issue and re-validation)

GUIDANCE TO PTW SYSTEM

CLASSIFICATION of the Work Area

(ZONE)
FPSO is divided in 3 groups of hazardous area zone classifications
ZONE 0
Part of a hazardous area in which a flammable atmosphere is
continuously present for long periods
ZONE 1
Part of a hazardous area in which a flammable atmosphere is likely to
occur in normal operation
ZONE 2
Part of a hazardous area in which flammable atmosphere is not likely to
occur in normal operation

CLASSIFICATION of the Work Area

(CLASS)
Class defines the flammable material that is being evaluated

CLASS 1 (Flammable GASES)

Group A (Acetylene), Group B (Hydrogen), Group C (Ethylene),
Group D (Acetone, Gasoline, Natural Gas, Propane)
CLASS 2 (Flammable DUSTS)
Group E (combustible metal dusts, ie uranium, zirconium),
Group F (Carbonaceous Dusts), Group G (other dusts)
CLASS 3 (Flammable FIBERS)

CLASSIFICATION of the Work Area

(DIVISION)
Division defines the work area that is being evaluated & the
probability of presence of flammable materials

DIVISION 1
Substance referred is present during NORMAL Conditions
DIVISION 2
Substance referred is present only in ABNORMAL Conditions,
such
as container failure or system breakdown

HOT WORK Permit

CATEGORY 1 Hotwork

Work involving naked flames

Electrical Arc Welding

Electrical Induction Pre-Heating / Stress Relieving

Grinding & Disc-Cutting

Validation
- maximum 24hrs (with endorsement after first 12hrs)

HOT WORK Permit

CATEGORY 2 Hotwork

tasks involves source of ignition, examples like:(grit blasting, needle gunning, opening live junction boxes, electrical
switchgear, heat shrink blowers, steel wire powerbrushes, pneumatic/
hydraulic chipping, non-IS cameras, voltage checks, etc.)

Validation
- maximum 7days (re-endorsement every 12hr shift)
Site Gas-Test (conducted by Authorized Gas Tester)
- before Hotwork Permit is issued, results recorded inside Gas Test
Certificate and number entered on the Permit To Work
- repeated test during Work Permit re-validation and site re-occupied
after work break (tea/lunch breaks or Emergency Muster)
- continuous testing using a multi-gas detector by work group
Hotwork Permit is not required for operations involving Gas Flaring

COLD WORK Permit

All tasks which does not involves hotwork :-

working at height (> 2meters)

pressure testing
chemical cleaning
diving operations
well servicing operations
well line operations
high pressure water jetting
personnel basket transfer
breaking a pressured
containment

spray painting
heavy lifting
specialized rigging operations
erect/dismantle scaffoldings
work on isolated electrical
equipment
install pipe works
handling hazardous substances
(eg. radioactive sources, toxic /
corrosive chemicals, asbestos)

Validation
- maximum 7days (re-endorsement every 12hr shift)

Work NOT REQUIRING a COLD WORK Permit

1) urgent work in emergency situation under the instruction of OIM,
however PS must be present at ALL TIMES
2) greasing of bearings
3) topping-up oil at gearbox
4) replacing filters
5) accommodation routines
6) routine checks on emergency generator
7) test-run the emergency power generator
8) repair equipment inside workshop
9) routine safety checks on cranes
10) grease-sampling & detection measurement
11) routine checks on navigation aids (eg. testing fog-horns, etc.)
12) function-test on lifeboat access station
13) system-setting changes
14) performance monitoring readings

Sanction to Test
Allows AMENDMENTS to isolations on Hot, Cold & Electrical Work Permits.
Some works may need test-runs to ensure faults, defects & maladjustments
be rectified, at which may require isolations applied under the Electrical
Work Permits
To permit these isolations, Section 7 (under Hot & Cold Work Permit) must be completed in order to make Section 9 (under Electrical Work
Permit) to be actioned.

The only permit being valid at that time is the Electrical Work Permit

The re-isolation must be completed before the permit is returned to the PA for normal work to resume.

Workshop Operations

Memorandum (standing order) issued by OIM covering works that may be done
in designated workshops
Memorandum must be prominently displayed inside referred workshops specifying precautions & conditions to be observed

Memorandum indicates that only identified qualified personnel should use the workshop equipment

Fumes-released activities, like soldering, need to apply the Inhibit Protection Certificate to inhibit workshops smoke detectors.

Long Term Isolation Certificates

Used whenever equipment is needed to be isolated for long period.

Examples :-

a) equipment under repair & awaiting spares

b) equipment is redundant
c) spare units of electrical circuit breakers

Preparation & Re-instatement Form

Combines on one document a record of all the mechanical isolations required

for a task to proceed safely
Form is raised before the permit to work is issued, and it remains in force until the permit to work is then cancelled

Form can then be cancelled only after the PA has signed the work completion section in the permit to work, and therefore this then allows the
PS/Area Authority to clear the isolations. After this, then form is cancelled

Confined Space Entry Certificates

Certificates is issued only if deemed necessary for personnel to enter vessels,

tanks, sumps, enclosed void spaces, and even the halon/CO2 rooms at the
aft poop deck (via watertight doors)
Purpose of certificates is to certify atmospheric conditions, stipulates the level of precautions, and it registers the names of personnel
entering/exiting the CS

An Approved Gas Tester (AGT) initiate the very initial inspection. A Gas-Test Certificate is required before entry

If written space in section 5 becomes full, a new certificate must be issued

Electrical Work Permit

Permit is supplementary to the normal work permit

Permit must be used whenever electrical isolations or electrical works
is required

Gas-Testing Certificates

Certificates is use to check/monitor any flammable or toxic gas or oxygen

deficient/enrichment. It is prior to any hotwork activities or entry into CS
Certificate is supplementary to a Hot or Cold Work Permit to work

Purpose is to register the results of all the gas-tests carried out, and to certify the atmospheric conditions within the area concerned

Certificate does not permit any work to be carried out. An appropriate Hot or Cold Work Permit must be raised before any tasks can be
undertaken

Inhibit Protection Certificate

Certificate will be used where any safety devices or protective devices

need to be isolated or be prevented from making active inputs to the
control systems or Fire & Gas systems

Isolations
When isolations is required, the Preparation & Re-instatement Form has to be
attached to the Hot or Cold Work Permit to work
Preparation & Re-instatement Form ensures that equipment, plant, machineries and process systems have be made/rendered safe for the work to be
performed

Mechanical isolation uses the Preparation & Re-instatement Form, via the tagging system (isolation, de-isolation register form with lock-open and
lock-closed checklists)

Electrical isolation uses Electrical Work Permit, via the Key Safe System controlled by the Electrical / Operation Supervisor (removal of the fusible
electrical links). Listing will be done also inside the Preparation & Re-instatement Form

Safety Checklist

Developed to assist personnel in identifying precautions associated with

various tasks
Provides common statement of key safety aspects requiring actions, and
acts as memory joggers at the work sites
Provides consistencies in generating/communicating safe working
methods/aids to ensure that work does not start before the essential
safety requirements are in place and also that the workers are
adequately briefed

Toolbox Meeting
PICWS will conduct an on-site safety (toolbox) meeting attended by all
those involved in carrying out the work
Purpose is to discuss the plan, identify individual responsibilities, review
procedures, and to identify & discuss the hazards
Topics that may be covered involved:- plan & methods

- precautions

- responsibilities

- PPE

- manpower & skills

- work site preparations

- access egress & evacuations

- work environment

- material handling

- emergency equipment/system
- work scope
- conflicting activities

- equipment
- isolations

- earthing
- questions for work party

TYPES OF PTW SYSTEM

(EOCP)

Types of PTW System (EOCP)

1.

COLD WORK Permit

2.

HOT WORK Permit

3.

ELECTRICAL WORK Permit

4.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY Permit

5.

GAS TESTING Certificate

6.

PREPARATION & RE-INSTATEMENT Form

7.

LONG TERM ISOLATION Certificate

8.

INHIBIT PROTECTION Certificate

9.

PTW REGISTER

10.

RISK ASSESSM ENT Form

11.

RISK ASSESSM ENT Register

1. COLD WORK Permit

2. HOT WORK Permit

3. ELECTRICAL WORK Permit

4. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY Permit

5. GAS TESTING Certificate

6. PREPARATION & RE-INSTATEMENT Form

7. LONG TERM ISOLATION Certificate

8. INHIBIT PROTECTION Certificate

9. PTW REGISTER

10. RISK ASSESSMENT Form

11. RISK ASSESSMENT Register

PTW AUDIT

PTW Audit
Permit System Audit
Ensures that the PTW Systems remains within the spirit of Company regulations
and complies with formally approved rules & regulations
Audit Checklist
Allows auditor to consider various aspects of the PTW System, via assessing the degree to which the work is carried out, and determining its
effectiveness

Audit Register
The facility will register every findings of permits audited and improvements targeted via each identified critical findings

Auditors
OIM &/or CHSEL shall carry-out internal audits at regular intervals. External Audits will be conducted in accordance with the annual HSE Audit
Program

PTW Audit

PTW Audit

PTW Audit

ISOLATION
(LOTO)

ELECTRICAL Isolation
ENSURE ALL POWER
SOURCES ARE DECLARED
AS SAFE

LOCKOUT/
TAGOUT

Lockout/Tagout and Confined Spaces

Lockout / Tag out is important in confined spaces since it is
easy to get trapped and hard to escape.

Pipelines leading into tanks must be

blanked off before entering the space.

All electrical and mechanical hazardous energy must be

addressed and locked out or tagged as needed.

What is a Lock-out device?

A device that positively :Prevents a machine from being started up or turned on,
Prevents a machinery part from moving,
Prevents electrical energizing,
Blocks a pipeline, steam line or air line

What is a Tag-out?
Tag warnings are devices only, and :They dont provide the same level of protection as lockout devices
They can only be removed by an authorized personnel
They must be legible, securely attached and resistant to degradation

ELECTRICAL Lock-out devices

Locked out circuit breaker

Locked out electrical panel

Locked out electrical plug

FLUID & GAS Lock-out devices

MECHANICAL Lock-out devices

(double-block & bleed-out)

PNEUMATIC Lock-out devices

PHYSICAL BLOCKS Lock-out devices

Truck bed lockout

Punch press blocks

GROUP Lock-out devices

Used when more than one person doing

maintenance or repair on same machine
or equipment.
Machinery or equipment cant be started
up until all locks are removed.
Each person places and removes their
own lock.

Example of bad Lock-out/Tag-out

1. COLD WORK Permit

2. HOT WORK Permit

3. ELECTRICAL WORK Permit

4. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Permit

5. GAS TESTING Certificate

6. PRAPARATION &
INSTATEMENT Form

RE-

7. LONG TERM ISOLATION

Certificate

8. INHIBIT PROTECTION
Certificate

9. PTW REGISTER

10. RISK ASSESSMENT Form

11. RISK ASSESSMENT Register

Risk Assessment

HSE RISKS
ENTERPRISE RISKS

Fire & Explosion

Equip. failure

?
Customer

HSE

Regulatory
non-compliance

Financial

Env.
pollution

Property
Damage

Personal
Injury

Management
Operational
People

Market
Falling
from height
Struck
against

Struck by

Contact
with
Caught in
between

PROCESS RISKS

Slip
&
Fall

Risk Categories

RISKS identified ..
1
2
3

5
6
7

Fire and Explosion

Explosion or fire causing damage to structure in which persons are employed

Pollution of Environment
Spillage, Emission. Leak and Contamination to land, water and air

Personal Injury including fatality

Injury to personnel due to falling from height, electrocution, struck against/by
objects etc.

Equipment/Material/ Structure failure

Fatigue and structural failure e.g. toppling of crane, Collapse of staging etc.

Occupational Disease illness

Exposure to occupational health hazards which results which results in
sickness, impaired health or significant discomfort

Regulatory Non Compliance

Contraventions of Acts and regulations

Property Damage
Any accident which results in damage to company property

Risk Assessment & Control

Risk Management
Process of identifying hazards associated with task/activity, assessing the risk to
personnel/equipment, and implementing measures to remove hazards &
control risks
Basics of Practical Risk Control
Identify what hard can the hazard do, and how can the hazards be avoided

Assess the Risk

Identify who are exposed to the hazards, and estimate its Probability and Severity ranges. With this, the Risk Rating will then be measures

Decide How to Control the Risk

Elimination / Substitution / Mitigation / Administration

Risk Assessment & Control

Apply the Control Measures
Hardware / Procedures / Training / Interim Control
Monitor the Controls
Monitor its effectiveness, and are the performance standards met

Review Hazards, Risks & Controls

Make the necessary changes, and also to learn from experience & to document

Hazard Identification Techniques

Workplace Inspection / Equipment Inspection / Observe the Work Practices

Risk Assessment & Control

Questioning the Personnel Exposed to the Hazards
On Activities:- what involve / why done in such way / how often / who is present /
where is the material & equipment placed
Reference Documentation
review drawings / consult vendor instruction, design docs & material supplier / review accident & incident report / consult legislation, standards,
guidelines

Hazard Identification Tools

safety reviews / hazOP / hazID / JSA / incident reports / audit / inspections / toolbox meetings

Risk Assessment Matrix

Estimating its Probability & Severity, and applying the preventive measures

workshop

pumproom

fwd windlass
module

Risk Assessment (JSA) for CSE

Task Description

Hazard (without any

control measures)

OLD Rating
Probability x Severity

Control Measures
to Minimise Risk

Toolbox Meeting

- miss-communication

- interpreter/Translator
- local language

Assess tank condition

- slip/trip/fall
- isolation

- barrier
- lighting
- instruction
- buddy-system

Isolation
- electrical
- mechanical
- instrumentation
- pneumatic

- pinch-point injury
- electrocution
- engulfment
- struck by moving object

- PPE / PTWS / LOTO

- SOP / JSA (RA)
- tank sounding
- life vest jacket
- proper barricade

Check equipment &

procedure:- SCBA / ERP / PPE
- communication tool
- vent. fan
- body harness & lifelines
- portable gas detector
- working lights
- personal torchlight
- trained & authorizations

- equipment failure
- miss-communication
- miss-reading on gadgets

- maintenance log
- competent personnel
- training (trained
personnel)
- equipment checklists

Tank opening

- trapped gases
- slip/trip/fall
- oil spillage

- SOP
- PTWS

Purging

- miss-communication on
LOTO valves

- positive LOTO procedure

- PTWS / JSA (RA)

New Rating
Probability x Severity

Task Description

Hazard (without any

control measures)

OLD Rating
Probability x Severity

Control Measures
to Minimise Risk

Set-up ventilation system

& blower

- toxic / flammable gases

- trained and competent

personnel

Donning of breathing
apparatus (BA)

- hit nearby item

- equipment failure

- trained and competent

personnel

Entering tank and

Exiting tank (upon job
completion)

- height
- pinch-point
- falling objects
- wet & slippery
(slip/trip/fall)
- heat (humidity)
- dehydration heat
stress/strain)
- manhole cover (broken
hinge/arm)

- regular gas monitoring

- PPE / scaffolding
- rotating work crews
- check situation
- understand plan

Cleaning the tank

- slip/trip/fall
- panic / phobia
- toxic / LEL
- equipment failure
- sparks from steel toecaps
- biological
- noise
- tiredness

- continuous gas-testing &

monitoring
- purging with clean air &
ventilation
- back-up / buddy-system
- planned rotation (20minutes workteam)
- supervision / instruction
- PTWS / JSA (RA) / AP
- AGT / training / SWP
- special PPE
- isolate area
- flushing system
- gas detection &
protection

Closing the manhole

cover

- pinch-point
- personnel left inside tank
- body posture (ergonomic
positioning)
- manhole cover hinge
broken

- PPE / PTWS / BBS

- properly trained work
team

New Rating
Probability x Severity

OK-Let'scallitaDAY!!
ThankYou