Medical Dan Surgical Asepsis
Medical Dan Surgical Asepsis
Medical Dan Surgical Asepsis
Learning objectives
Explain the concepts of medical and
surgical asepsis.
Identify
types of microorganisms
causing infections.
Identify types & signs of localized
and systematic infections.
Asepsis
Asepsis is the freedom from
disease-causing microorganisms.
To decrease the possibility of
transferring
microorganisms
from one place to another,
asepsis is used.
Medical asepsis. 1
Includes all practices
intended to confine a
specific microorganism to a
specific area, limiting the
number,
growth,
and
transmission
of
microorganisms.
Types of
microorganisms
causing infections
Types of infection
Nosocomial infections
The
incidence
of
nosocomial infections is
significant. Major sites for
these infections are the
respiratory and urinary
tracts, the bloodstream,
and wounds.
Factors
that
contribute
to
nosocomial infection risks are
invasive
procedures,
medical
therapies, the existence of a large
number of susceptible persons,
inappropriate use of antibiotics, and
insufficient hand washing after client
contact and after contact with body
substances.
Chain of
infection
Etiologic agent
microorgnanisms)
(
6
Susceptible
host
2
Reservoir
(source)
5
Portal of entry
to the
susceptible host
3
Portal of exit
from reservoir
4
Method of
transmission
1. Etiologic agent
Reservoir. 2
There
are
many
reservoirs, or sources of
microorganisms,
common sources are
other
humans,
the
client's, plants, animals,
or general environment.
4. Method of
transmission
Direct transmission. 1
Involves immediate and direct
transfer of microorganisms
from person to person through
touching, biting, kissing, or
sexual intercourse. Droplet
spread is also a form of direct
transmission.
Indirect transmission. 2
3. Airborn transmission
may involve
droplets or dust.
Portal of entry. 5
Susceptible Host. 6
A susceptible host is any
person who is at risk for
infection. A compromised
host is a person at
"increased risk"
Factors Increasing
Susceptibility to Infection
1. Age influence the risk of
infection.
2. Heredity influences the
development of infection.
Stressors
elevate
blood
cortisone.
Prolonged
elevation of blood cortisone
decrease anti-inflammatory
responses depletes energy
stores, lead to a state of
exhaustion, and decrease
resistance to infection.
Cleaning
Cleanliness inhibits the growth
of
microorganisms.
When
cleaning visibly soiled objects,
nurses must always wear gloves
to avoid direct contact with
infections microorganisms.
Disinfecting
A disinfectant is a chemical
preparation, such as phenol or iodine
compounds, used on inanimate objects.
Disinfectants are frequently caustic
and toxic to tissues. An antiseptic is a
chemical preparation used on skin or
tissue.
Disinfectants
and
antiseptics often have
similar
chemical
components,
but
the
disinfectant is a more
concentrated solution.
Sterilizing
Sterilization is a process
that
destroys
all
microorganisms,
including spores and
viruses.
Sterile Technique
The basic principles
of surgical asepsis