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  • Two of Which You Must Remember Longitudinal P-Waves Travel Through Both

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    There are three types of seismic waves - P-waves and S-waves travel through solids, while only P-waves travel through liquids. P-waves move faster than S-waves. These wave types allow scientists to understand the composition of the Earth underground.

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    There are three types of seismic waves - P-waves and S-waves travel through solids, while only P-waves travel through liquids. P-waves move faster than S-waves. These wave types allow scientists to understand the composition of the Earth underground.

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    15 views10 pages

    Two of Which You Must Remember Longitudinal P-Waves Travel Through Both

    Uploaded by

    api-26350401
    There are three types of seismic waves - P-waves and S-waves travel through solids, while only P-waves travel through liquids. P-waves move faster than S-waves. These wave types allow scientists to understand the composition of the Earth underground.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    There are three types of seismic waves –

    two of which you must remember;


    Longitudinal P-waves travel through both
    solids and liquids – and they are fast moving.
    Transverse S-waves travel through solids
    but not liquids – and they travel slower than
    P-waves.
    The two types
    of waves can
    be used to tell
    scientists what
    the Earth is
    like deep
    underground.
    The ozone layer is a
    layer in the
    atmosphere which
    contains the substance
    ozone (a special kind
    of oxygen)
    The ozone absorbs
    harmful UV rays from
    the Sun
    The ozone is being
    destroyed by CFCs
    (from spray cans and
    refrigerator / air
    conditioning units).
    The effects of Ultraviolet Radiation
    The skin absorbs the energy of the UV radiation.
    To protect itself the skin darkens to block UV radiation –
    the skin tans.
    If you absorb too much UV radiation the skin is
    damaged – sunburn – and may blister and peel.
    If the cells are not killed but the DNA is damaged, then
    you may get skin cancer at some later time in your life.
    Darker skin colours absorb more UV radiation before
    it can penetrate to the living cells that can be damaged.
    Lighter skins are more easily burned or develop skin
    cancers.
    Sun blocking creams and sun blocking clothes reduce
    the risk and allow you to be out in the sun longer.
    Weather reports tell us the sun index to help us.
    Sun
    Risk
    Index
    1-2 Low risk

    3-4 No more than 1-2 hours

    5-6 Burns in 30-60 mins


    Severe burns 20-30
    7-10
    mins
    Sun Protection Factor
    Creams and lotions for
    sun protection have an
    SPF rating. This is a
    measure of the sun
    blocking effect.

    So, a Sun Index of 8 means that you can stay in the


    sunlight for 20 to 30 minutes. With Sun Protection
    Factor 15 sunscreen you can stay in the sunlight for
    15 times longer, that is, 5 to 7.5 hours.

    Safe length of time


    = SPF time given in
    to stay in sun X
    number sun index
    wearing sunscreen
    The hole in the ozone layer is a completely different
    problem than the one called Global Warming.
    You learn about this in your Biology lessons.
    However, you must remember these bits of Physics!
    • The Earth is warmed by radiation from the Sun and
    the clouds slow the escape of the heat energy into
    space.
    • More gases such as carbon dioxide and methane
    mean more heat is kept in and the Earth warms up.
    • Dust from volcanoes can block radiation and cause
    global cooling.
    • Human activity such as burning forests, burning
    more fossil fuels and releasing methane from rice
    paddy fields and farm animals all increase global
    warming and change the weather.

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