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Probablity Lecture

This document defines key probability concepts like experiments, sample spaces, events, and defines probability as the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of outcomes. It provides examples like rolling a die, tossing a coin, and includes 16 practice probability questions with multiple choice answers. The questions calculate probabilities of events occurring from rolling dice, drawing cards or balls from bags, students being selected from a class.

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Zahid Bhat
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
130 views

Probablity Lecture

This document defines key probability concepts like experiments, sample spaces, events, and defines probability as the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of outcomes. It provides examples like rolling a die, tossing a coin, and includes 16 practice probability questions with multiple choice answers. The questions calculate probabilities of events occurring from rolling dice, drawing cards or balls from bags, students being selected from a class.

Uploaded by

Zahid Bhat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability

WORD POWER
Experiment:
An operation which can produce some well-defined
outcomes is called an experiment.
Random Experiment:
An experiment in which all possible outcomes are know and
the exact output cannot be predicted in advance, is called a
random experiment.
Examples:
Rolling an unbiased dice.
Tossing a fair coin.

Sample Space:
When we perform an experiment, then the set S
of all possible outcomes is called the sample
space.
Examples:
In tossing a coin, S = {H, T}
If two coins are tossed, the S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}.
In rolling a dice, we have, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.

Event:
Any subset of a sample space is called an event.

PROBABILITY:
Probability is the measure of the likeliness that
an event will occur. Probability is quantified as a
number between 0 and 1 (where 0 indicates
impossibility and 1 indicates certainty). The
higher the probability of an event, the more
certain we are that the event will occur.
PROBABILITY: number of favorable outcomes
Total number of outcome

Important Details
When we throw a coin, then either a Head (H) or a Tail (T)
appears
A dice is a solid cube, having 6 faces, marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
respectively. When we throw a die, the outcome is the number
that appears on its upper face.
A pack of cards has 52 cards.
It has 13 cards of each suit, name Spades, Clubs, Hearts and
Diamonds.
Cards of spades and clubs are black cards.
Cards of hearts and diamonds are red cards.
There are Kings, Queens and Jacks. These are all called face
cards.

Results on Probability:
P(S) = 1
0<P (E)<1
For any events A and B we have :
P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AB)
IfAdenotes (not-A), then P(A) = 1 P(A).

Problem questions
Q1. An unbiased die is tossed .find the
probability of getting a multiple of 3.
A.1/6
B.1/3
C.0
D.NONE OF THE ABOVE

Q2. Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the


probability of getting at most two heads?
A.3/8
B. 5/8
C.1/8
D.7/8

Q3. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the


probability of getting two numbers whose product is
even.
A.3 /4
B.11/36
C.23/36
D.1/4

Q4. In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. A


lottery is drawn at random. What is the probability of
getting a prize?
A. 1/7
B. 2/7
C. 3/7
D. 4/7

Q5. From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn


together at random. What is the probability of both the
cards being kings?
A.1/221
B.5/221
C.7/221
D.NONE OF THE ABOVE

Q6. A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two


balls are drawn at random. What is the probability that
none of the balls drawn is blue?
A.13/21
B.11/21
C.10/21
D.NONE OF THE ABOVE

Q7. In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. Three


students are selected at random. The probability that
1 girl and 2 boys are selected, is
A.25/117
B.1/50
C.21/46
D.3/25

Q8. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of


52 cards. what is the probability that either both are
black or both are queen.
A.331/1326
B.55/221
C.11/1326
D.NONE OF THE ABOVE

Q9. A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls. 2 balls


are drawn at random. Find the probability that they
are of same color.
A. 7/15
B. 8/15
C. 1/5
D. 4/5

Q10. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The


probability of getting a queen of club or a king of
heart is:
A.1/52
B.2/13
C.1/26
D.1/13

Q11. Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52


cards. The probability that one is a spade and one is a
heart, is:
A.3/20
B.13/102
C.47/200
D.29/34

Q12. One card is drawn at random from a pack of 52


cards. What is the probability that the card drawn is a
face card (Jack, Queen and King only)?
A. 1/13
B. 2/13
C. 1/ 4
D. 4/9

Q13. A man and his wife appear in an interview for


two vacancies in the same post. The probability of
husband's selection is (1/7) and the probability of
wife's selection is (1/5). What is the probability that
only one of them is selected ?
A.3/ 4
B.2/7
C.4/5
D.1/7

Q14. Two brother X and Y appeared for an


exam. The probability of selection of X is
1/7 and that of B is 2/9. Find the
probability that both of them are selected.
A. 1/9
B. 2/9
C. 1/63
D. 2/63

Q15. In a class, 30% of the students offered English,


20% offered Hindi and 10% offered both. If a student
is selected at random, what is the probability that he.
has offered English or Hindi
A.
B.
C.2/5
D.4/5

Q16. If two letters are taken at random from


the word HOME, what is the probability
that none of the letters would be vowels?
A.
B.
C.1/3
D.1/6

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