Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Taxonomy
classification
hierarchical grouping of organisms (used by Linnaeus,1758)
taxonomy
science of biological nomenclature (formal rules for use)
systematics
the study of relationships
Taxonomic hierarchy:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Actinopterygii (formerly Osteichthyes)
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Genus: Cyprinus
Species: carpio (common carp)
Taxonomic hierarchy:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Actinopterygii (formerly Osteichthyes)
- Subclass Neopterygii
- Infraclass Teleostei
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Genus: Cyprinus
Species: carpio (common carp)
Tools of taxonomy:
morphometrics
- measurements relative to length
meristics
- counts
Tools of taxonomy:
morphometrics
- measurements relative to length
meristics
- counts
anatomical traits - shape, presence/absence
Tools of taxonomy:
morphometrics
- measurements relative to length
meristics
- counts
anatomical traits - shape, presence/absence
color patterns
Tools of taxonomy:
morphometrics
- measurements relative to length
meristics
- counts
anatomical traits - shape, presence/absence
color patterns
karyotypes chromosome counts,
shape, banding patterns
biochemical methods
Tools of taxonomy:
physiological differences (e.g., temperature preferences)
behavior
Tools of taxonomy:
physiological differences (e.g., temperature preferences)
behavior
diet
- Walbaum 1792
(type locality Hudson Bay)
Percopsis guttatus
- Agassiz 1850
Salmoperca pellucida
- Thompson 1853
Percopsis omiscomaycus (Walbaum) - Kendall 1911
_______________________
Percopsis: perch-like
omiscomaycus: probably Algonquin name with root meaning trout
Common names: trout-perch, silver chub, omisco
On Discovering a Butterfly
I found it and named it, being versed
in taxonomic Latin; thus became
godfather to an insect and its first
describer -- and I want no other fame.
Wide open on its pin (though fast asleep),
and safe from creeping relatives and rust,
in the secluded stronghold where we keep
type specimens it will transcend its dust.
Dark pictures, thrones, the stones that pilgrims kiss,
poems that take a thousand years to die
but ape the immortality of this
red label on a little butterfly.
-Vladimir Nabokov
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descendants
- consists of members from two monophyletic
groups (e.g. flying animals; eel-like animals)
Agnatha
(jawless fishes)
Agnatha is now
paraphyletic
Primitive
Advanced
cartilaginous
ossified
absent (lamprey)
present*
absent
present
one, median
paired
absent
present
absent (trout)
present (perches)*
horizontal base low on vertical base high
body (minnows)
on body (basses)*
pelvic fins
far back on belly
forward, attached to pectoral girdle
tail
heterocercal
homocercal
scales
cycloid
ctenoid
mouth
front of head
up- or down-turned*
* subsequently modified in some advanced fishes