Microfilaments in a cell are constantly shrinking or growing in length Bundles and meshworks of actin filaments are forming and dissolving continuously NucleationG-actin clumps into short, unstable oligomers, 3-4 subunits long, and acts as a stable nucleus, proteins include the Arp2 / 3 complex (actin nucleator) Elongation phaseincreases in length by the addition of actin monomers to (+) end by protein For
Microfilaments in a cell are constantly shrinking or growing in length Bundles and meshworks of actin filaments are forming and dissolving continuously NucleationG-actin clumps into short, unstable oligomers, 3-4 subunits long, and acts as a stable nucleus, proteins include the Arp2 / 3 complex (actin nucleator) Elongation phaseincreases in length by the addition of actin monomers to (+) end by protein For
Microfilaments in a cell are constantly shrinking or growing in length Bundles and meshworks of actin filaments are forming and dissolving continuously NucleationG-actin clumps into short, unstable oligomers, 3-4 subunits long, and acts as a stable nucleus, proteins include the Arp2 / 3 complex (actin nucleator) Elongation phaseincreases in length by the addition of actin monomers to (+) end by protein For
Microfilaments in a cell are constantly shrinking or growing in length Bundles and meshworks of actin filaments are forming and dissolving continuously NucleationG-actin clumps into short, unstable oligomers, 3-4 subunits long, and acts as a stable nucleus, proteins include the Arp2 / 3 complex (actin nucleator) Elongation phaseincreases in length by the addition of actin monomers to (+) end by protein For
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MICROFILAMENT ACTIN
minus
Microfilament (thin filament) structure
G-actin monomer ATP
--- 7-8nm
Quic kTime and a TIFF (Unc ompressed) dec ompressor are needed to see this pic ture.
25nm
plus
MIKROFILAMEN diameter 60 angstrom consist of actin protein molecule.
Actin Filaments Thinner,
shorter and more flexible than
microtubules Contains G-actin, and F-actin Actin- most abundant intracellular protein in most Eukaryotic cells Comprises 10% by weight of total cell protein in muscle cells, 1-5% in nonmuscle cells 4
G-actin and F-actin
G-actin: exists as a globular monomer
F-actin: is a helical filamentous polymer of Gactin subunits all oriented in the same direction Microfilaments in a cell are constantly shrinking or growing in length Bundles and meshworks of microfilaments are forming and dissolving continuously
AKTIN Aktin merupakan protein globular, dalam bentuk monomer disebut aktin G, yang dapat dirakit menjadi filamen rangkap yang disebut aktin F Aktin mudah terurai menjadi monomer-monomernya dan terakit kembali menjadi mikrofilamen Aktin terlibat dalam prosesproses yang terjadi dalam sel (sitokinesis, aliran plasma, gerakan sel, gerakan mikrovili intestinal, dsb)
Aktin F
Aktin G
Dynamics of Actin Assembly
Nucleation- G-actin clumps into short,
unstable oligomers, 3-4 subunits long, and
acts as a stable nucleus, proteins include the Arp2/3 complex (actin nucleator) For binding nucleator: tandem-monomerbinding nucleators. Elongation
phase- increases in length
by the addition of actin monomers to (+)
end by protein formin
Dynamics of Actin Assembly
Steady-State
The ends of actin filaments are in a steady
state with monomeric G-actin. After their incorporation into a filament, subunits slowly hydrolyze ATP and become stable F-actin. Protein profilin, which catalyzes ADP to ATP exchange and ADF/cofilin, which mediates filament disassembly
Nucleation, Elongation, and the Steady-State
Figure 18-11 Copyright (c) by W. H. Freeman and Company
FILAMEN AKTIN Dijumpai sebagai jaringjaring trimatra yang kaku, karena filamen aktin sangat terikat dengan protein pengikat silang (cros linking). Protein pengikat silang yang banyak terdapat di dalam sel yaitu filamin, yaitu suatu molekul panjang dan lentur terdiri dari dua rantai polipeptida kembar
All subunits in an actin filament point toward
the same direction of the filament Exhibits polarity-actin subunit exposed to the surrounding solution is the (-) end The cleft that has contact with the neighboring actin subunit that is not exposed is the (+) end Actin filaments grow faster at the (+) end than the (-) end
F-actin has structural and functional
polarity
Actin Filaments participate in a
variety of cell functions:
Anchorage and movement of
membrane proteins
filaments are distributed in 3-dimensional
networks throughout the cell used as anchors with in specialized cell junctions
16
Actin Filaments participate in a
variety of cell functions: Formation
of the structural core of
microvilli
On epithelial cells, help maintain shape of
the cell surface
MIKROVILI Adalah tonjolan-tonjolan berbentuk jari yang terdapat di permukaan sel, terutama sel hewan o Panjangnya sekitar satu mikrometer, dan garis tengahnya 80 nanometer o Bagian tengah mikrivili berisi seberkas filamen-filamen aktin yang tersusun sejajar satu terhadap yang lain, dengan ujung positifnya mengarah ke permukaan sel o Filamen-filamen tersebut dihubungkan satu dengan yang lain oleh protein-protein pengikat yaitu fimbrin, vilin, dan kompleks calmodulin. o
Actin Filaments participate in a
variety of cell functions: Locomotion
of the cells
Achieved by the force exerted by actin
filaments by polymerization at their growing ends Used in many migrating cells, particularly on transformed cells of invasive tumors Cells extend processes from their surface by pushing the plasma membrane ahead of the growing actin filaments
