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Strings in Java

Strings in Java can be represented as objects of the String class in the java.lang package. Some key things that can be done with Strings include declaring String variables and assigning literal values, creating String objects using the new operator, getting the length of a String, comparing Strings for equality, and extracting substrings from Strings.

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Pranay Kinra
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2K views

Strings in Java

Strings in Java can be represented as objects of the String class in the java.lang package. Some key things that can be done with Strings include declaring String variables and assigning literal values, creating String objects using the new operator, getting the length of a String, comparing Strings for equality, and extracting substrings from Strings.

Uploaded by

Pranay Kinra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strings in JAVA

String is a sequence of characters.


Java implements strings as objects of type
String.
It belongs to java.lang package

We can declare a String variable and directly store a


String literal using assignment operator.
String str = "Hello";
We can create String object using new operator with
some data.
String s1 = new String ("Java");
We can create a String by using character array also
and by passing array name to it, as:
char arr[] = { 'p','r','o',g,r,a,m};
String s2 = new String (arr);
We can create a String by passing array name and
specifying which characters we need:
String s3 = new String (str, 2, 3);
Here starting from 2nd character a total of 3
characters are copied into String s3.

STRING CLASS
String is a class in Java library.
It contains few predefined methods, which can be used via
creating objects of String class.
String s1 = "Hello world!";
OR
String s1 = new String(Hello World);
length() method example:
public class StringDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String s1= "Dot saw I was Tod";
int len = s1.length();
System.out.println( "String Length is : " + len );
}
}

Output:

String Length is : 17

Various String Functions


String Length:
int length();
Example:
char st [ ] = {a, b, c};
String a = new String (st);
System.out.println ( a.length());

equals () versus ==

equals () method compares the characters within a String object.


The == operator compares two object references to see whether they refer to
the same object.
Example:
String s1 = hello;
String s2 = new String(s1);
System.out.println(s1 + equals +s2 + + s1.equals(s2));
System.out.println(s1 + equals +s2 + + (s1==s2));
Output:
hello equals hello true
hello equals hello false

STRING CLASS equals method

public class Test {


Values of Str1 & Str2 ar
public static void main(String args[]) {
Values of Str1 & Str3 ar
String Str1 = new String("HelloWorld"); Objects Str1 & Str2 in h
String Str2 = Str1;
same
String Str3 = new String("Hello World");
System.out.println(Str1.indexOf("e"));
System.out.println(Str1.substring(5, 8));
System.out.println(Str1.length());
boolean retVal;
if(Str1.equals(Str2))
System.out.println("Values of Str1 & Str2 are same");
if(Str1.equals(Str3))
System.out.println("Values of Str1 & Str3 are same");
if(Str1==Str2)
System.out.println("Objects Str1 & Str2 in heap are same");
if(Str1==Str3)
System.out.println("Objects Str1 & Str3 in heap are same");
}

String Comparisons
compareTo(Object object)
String s1 = new String("Welcome);
String s2 = "welcome";
if (s1.compareTo(s2) > 0) {
// s1 is greater than s2
}
else if (s1.compareTo(s2) == 0) {
// s1 and s2 have the same contents
}
else
// s1 is less than s2
8

Program 3: Write a program using some important


methods of String class.
// program using String class methods
class StrOps
{ public static void main(String args [])
{ String str1 = "When it comes to Web programming,
Java is #1.";
String str2 = new String (str1);
String str3 = "Java strings are powerful.";
int result, idx; char ch;
System.out.println ("Length of str1: " + str1.length
());
// display str1, one char at a time.
for(int i=0; i < str1.length(); i++)
System.out.print (str1.charAt (i));
System.out.println ();
if (str1.equals (str2) )
System.out.println ("str1 equals str2");
}

else
System.out.println ("str1 does not equal str2");
if (str1.equals (str3) )
System.out.println ("str1 equals str3");
else
System.out.println ("str1 does not equal str3");
result = str1.compareTo (str3);
if(result == 0)
System.out.println ("str1 and str3 are equal");
else if(result < 0)
System.out.println ("str1 is less than str3");
else
System.out.println ("str1 is greater than str3");
str2 = "One Two Three One"; // assign a new string to str2
idx = str2.indexOf ("One");
System.out.println ("Index of first occurrence of One: " +
idx);
idx = str2.lastIndexOf("One");
System.out.println ("Index of last occurrence of One: " +
idx);

String Concatenation
String s3 = s1.concat(s2);

String s3 = s1 + s2;
s1 + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 same as
(((s1.concat(s2)).concat(s3)).concat(s4)).co
ncat(s5);

Examples
"Welcome".toLowerCase() returns a new string,
welcome.
"Welcome".toUpperCase() returns a new string,
WELCOME.
" Welcome ".trim() returns a new string, Welcome.
"Welcome".replace('e', 'A') returns a new string,
WAlcomA.
"Welcome".replaceFirst("e", "AB") returns a new
string, WABlcome.
"Welcome".replaceall("e", "AB") returns a new string,
WABlcomAB.
"Welcome".replace("el", "AB") returns a new string,
WABcome.

Converting, Replacing, and Splitting


Strings
java.lang.String
+toLowerCase(): String

Returns a new string with all characters converted to lowercase.

+toUpperCase(): String

Returns a new string with all characters converted to uppercase.

+trim(): String

Returns a new string with blank characters trimmed on both sides.

+replace(oldChar: char,
newChar: char): String

Returns a new string that replaces all matching character in this


string with the new character.

+replaceFirst(oldString: String, Returns a new string that replaces the first matching substring in
newString: String): String
this string with the new substring.
+replaceAll(oldString: String, Returns a new string that replace all matching substrings in this
newString: String): String
string with the new substring.
+split(delimiter: String):
Returns an array of strings consisting of the substrings split by the
String[]
delimiter.

String Comparison
StartsWith () and endsWith ()
Example:
Football. endsWith ( ball);
Football. startsWith (wood);

--- returns true


----returns false

String Comparisons
java.lang.String
+equals(s1: String): boolean

Returns true if this string is equal to string s1.

+equalsIgnoreCase(s1: String):
boolean

Returns true if this string is equal to string s1 caseinsensitive.

+compareTo(s1: String): int

Returns an integer greater than 0, equal to 0, or less than 0


to indicate whether this string is greater than, equal to, or
less than s1.

+compareToIgnoreCase(s1: String):
int

Same as compareTo except that the comparison is caseinsensitive.

+regionMatches(toffset: int, s1: String, Returns true if the specified subregion of this string exactly
offset: int, len: int): boolean
matches the specified subregion in string s1.
+regionMatches(ignoreCase: boolean, Same as the preceding method except that you can specify
toffset: int, s1: String, offset: int,
whether the match is case-sensitive.
len: int): boolean
+startsWith(prefix: String): boolean

Returns true if this string starts with the specified prefix.

+endsWith(suffix: String): boolean

Returns true if this string ends with the specified suffix.

String Length, Characters,


and Combining Strings
java.lang.String
+length(): int

Returns the number of characters in this string.

+charAt(index: int): char

Returns the character at the specified index from this string.

+concat(s1: String): String

Returns a new string that concatenate this string with string s1.
string.

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