Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 457 views

    General Anatomy of Urinary System

    Uploaded by

    triana_niman
    The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter blood to remove wastes and produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the urinary bladder, where it is stored until elimination through the urethra. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood and reabsorbs necessary fluid and molecules to regulate fluid balance and produce final urine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    General Anatomy of Urinary System

    Uploaded by

    triana_niman
    457 views41 pages
    The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter blood to remove wastes and produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the urinary bladder, where it is stored until elimination through the urethra. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood and reabsorbs necessary fluid and molecules to regulate fluid balance and produce final urine.

    Original Description:

    anatomy urinary tract

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter blood to remove wastes and produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the urinary bladder, where it is stored until elimination through the urethra. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood and reabsorbs necessary fluid and molecules to regulate fluid balance and produce final urine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    457 views41 pages

    General Anatomy of Urinary System

    Uploaded by

    triana_niman
    The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter blood to remove wastes and produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the urinary bladder, where it is stored until elimination through the urethra. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood and reabsorbs necessary fluid and molecules to regulate fluid balance and produce final urine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 41
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that the main organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter blood and regulate fluid balance as well as electrolyte levels while producing urine. Urine is formed via glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion.

    The main organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter blood and remove waste from it to form urine. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder stores urine before elimination. The urethra carries urine out of the body.

    The kidneys have several important functions. They filter blood plasma and eliminate metabolic wastes to produce urine. In addition, they regulate blood volume, pressure and osmolarity. The kidneys also secrete hormones and regulate acid-base and electrolyte balance.

    General Anatomy of

    Urinary System

    URINARY SYSTEM ORGANS


    Kidneys (2)
    Ureters (2)
    Urinary bladder
    Urethra

    KIDNEY FUNCTIONS
    Control blood volume and composition

    KIDNEY FUNCTIONS

    Filter blood plasma, eliminate wastes


    Regulate blood volume, pressure
    Regulate fluid osmolarity
    Secrete renin
    Secrete erythropoietin (EPO)
    Regulate PCO2, Acid-Base balance
    Synthesize calcitriol (Vitamin D)
    Detoxify free radicals, drugs
    Gluconeogenesis

    EXCRETION
    Removal of wastes

    Respiratory system

    Integumentary system

    Water, salts, lactic acid, urea

    Digestive system

    CO2, water

    Water, salts, CO2, lipids, bile pigments, cholesterol,


    etc.

    Urinary system

    Metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, H+,


    water

    KIDNEY ANATOMY
    Protected by three connective tissue
    layers
    Renal fascia

    Attaches to abdominal wall

    Adipose capsule

    Fat cushioning kidney

    Renal capsule

    Fibrous sac
    Protects from trauma and infection

    KIDNEY ANATOMY
    Gross anatomy
    Renal sinus
    Renal parenchyma

    KIDNEY ANATOMY
    Renal sinus
    Surrounded by renal parenchyma
    Contains blood & lymph vessels, nerves,
    urine-collecting structures

    KIDNEY ANATOMY
    Renal parenchyma
    Glandular tissue
    Forms urine
    Two zones

    Outer cortex
    Inner medulla

    KIDNEY ANATOMY
    Renal parenchyma
    Renal pyramids

    Extensions of cortex (renal columns) divide medulla


    into 6 10 renal pyramids
    Pyramid + overlying cortex = Lobe
    Point of pyramid = Papilla
    Papilla nested in cup (minor calyx)
    2 3 minor calices Major calyx
    2 3 major calices Renal pelvis
    Renal pelvis Ureter

    KIDNEY ANATOMY: NEPHRONS


    Nephrons
    Functional units of kidney
    ~1.2 million per kidney
    Three main parts

    Blood vessels
    Renal corpuscle
    Renal tubule

    NEPHRONS
    Blood vessels servicing kidney
    Supplied by renal artery

    ~21% or cardiac output


    (Mass in only ~ 0.4%)
    Afferent arterioles
    Capillary cluster (glomerulus)

    NEPHRONS
    Blood vessels servicing kidney
    Glomerulus

    Fenestrated capillaries
    Capillary filtration in glomerulus initiates urine
    production
    Filtrate lacks cells & proteins
    Drained by efferent arteriole
    Peritubular capillaries
    Renal vein

    NEPHRONS
    Renal corpuscle
    Glomerulus plus capsule
    Glomerulus enclosed in two-layered glomerular
    capsule

    Fluid filters from glomerular capillaries

    Bowmans capsule
    Glomerular filtrate

    Fluid collects in capsular space


    Fluid flows into renal tubule

    NEPHRONS
    Renal tubule
    Leads from glomerular capsule
    Ends at tip of medullary pyramid
    ~3 cm long
    Four major regions

    Proximal convoluted tubule


    Nephron loop
    Distal convoluted tubule
    Collecting duct

    NEPHRONS
    Renal tubule
    Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
    Arises from glomerular capsule
    Longest, most coiled region
    Prominent microvilli

    Function in absorption

    Much contact with peritubular capillaries

    NEPHRONS
    Renal tubule

    Nephron loop (Loop of Henle)


    U shaped, distal to PCT
    Descending and ascending limbs
    Thick segments

    Active transport of salts


    High metabolism, many mitochondria

    Thin segments

    Permeable to water
    Low metabolism

    NEPHRONS
    Renal tubule
    Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
    Coiled, distal to nephron loop
    Shorter than PCT
    Less coiled than PCT
    Very few microvilli
    Contacts afferent and efferent arterioles
    (regulation imparted)
    Contact with peritubular capillaries

    NEPHRONS
    Renal tubules
    Collecting duct
    DCTs of several nephrons empty into a
    collecting duct
    Passes into medulla
    Several merge into papillary duct (~30 per
    papilla)
    Drain into minor calyx

    URINE FORMATION
    Overview
    Blood plasma Urine
    Four steps

    Glomerular filtration
    Tubular reabsorption
    Tubular secretion
    Water conservation

    URINE STORAGE
    Ureters
    Carry urine from kidneys to urinary
    bladder via peristalsis

    Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle

    Enter bladder from

    below
    Pressure from full bladder compresses
    ureters and prevents backflow

    URINE STORAGE
    Ureters
    Small diameter
    Easily obstructed or injured by kidney
    stones (renal calculi)

    URINE STORAGE
    Urinary bladder
    Muscular sac
    Wrinkles termed rugae
    Openings of ureters common site for
    bladder infection

    URINE ELIMINATION
    Urethra
    Conveys urine from body
    Internal urethral sphincter

    Retains urine in bladder


    Smooth muscle, involuntary

    External urethral sphincter

    Provides voluntary control over voiding of urine

    URINE ELIMINATION
    Urethra
    3 4 cm long in females

    Bound by connective tissue to anterior wall of


    vagina
    Urethral orifice exits body between vaginal
    orifice and clitoris

    URINE ELIMINATION
    Urethra
    ~18 cm long in males

    Prostatic urethra
    ~2.5 cm long, urinary bladder prostate

    Membranous urethra
    ~0.5 cm, passes through floor of pelvic cavity

    Penile urethra
    ~15 cm long, passes through penis

    URINE ELIMINATION
    Urination (micturition)
    ~200 ml of urine held
    Distension initiates desire to void
    Internal sphincter relaxes involuntarily

    External sphincter voluntarily relaxes

    Smooth muscle
    Skeletal muscle
    Poor control in infants

    Bladder muscle contracts


    Urine forces through urethra

    You might also like