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The Structure of Java Class and Java Source File

A Java class can contain components like a package statement, import statements, comments, variables, methods, and constructors. A Java source code file can define a single or multiple classes and interfaces, and can contain import and package statements that apply to all classes in the file.

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Tam Nguyen
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
66 views

The Structure of Java Class and Java Source File

A Java class can contain components like a package statement, import statements, comments, variables, methods, and constructors. A Java source code file can define a single or multiple classes and interfaces, and can contain import and package statements that apply to all classes in the file.

Uploaded by

Tam Nguyen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

OCA

Java Basic
1

THE STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


AND SOURCE CODE FILE

THE STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


AND SOURCE CODE FILE
1.1.1 Structure of a Java class
1.1.2 Structure and components of a Java
source code file

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


A

class can define multiple components


List of the components of a class:
The

package statement
The import statement
Comments
Class declarations and definitions
Variables
Methods
Constructors

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

Java class components


Package statement
Import statements
Comments
Class declaration {
Variables
Comments
Constructors
Methods
Nested classes
Nested interfaces
Enum
}

Not included in OCA Java SE


7
5

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


PACKAGE STATEMENT
All Java classes are part of a package
A Java class can be explicitly defined in a named
package
Otherwise it becomes part of a default package,
which doesnt have a name
A package statement is used to explicitly define
which package a class is in
If a class includes a package statement, it must
be the first statement in the class definition
6

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

The package statement cannot appear within a class declaration or after


the class declaration.
The following code will fail to compile:

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


The package statement must appear exactly once
in a class.
The following code wont compile:

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


Classes and interfaces in the same package can
use each other
But to use a class or an interface from another
package
IMPORT STATEMENT

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

IMPORT STATEMENT

10

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

What happens if the class AnnualExam isnt


defined in a package?

11

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


Note: the import statement follows the package
statement but precedes the class declaration
Reversing this order will result in your code
failing to compile

12

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


COMMENTS
We can also add comments to your Java code
Comments can appear at multiple places in a
class.
A comment can appear
Before

and after a package statement


Before and after the class definition
before and within and after a method definition

Comments come in two flavors:


Multiline

comments
End-of-line comments

13

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

Multiline comments: They start with /* and end with */

Multiline comments can contain any special characters


(including Unicode characters)

14

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


We sometime use asterisk (*) to start the
comment in the next line.
This isnt required - its done more for aesthetic
reason

15

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


End-of-line comments : start with //, no end sign
Placed at the end of a line of code.
The text between // and the end of the line is reated
as a scomment

16

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

A comment can precede a package statement

The multiline comment is placed before the package


statement, which is acceptable because comments can appear
anywhere in your code.

17

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


CLASS DECLARATION
The class declaration marks the start of a class
It can be as simple as the keyword class followed by the
name of a class:

18

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

The declaration of a class is composed of the


following parts:
Access

modifiers (public, private, protected)


Nonaccess modifiers (final, static)
Class name
Name of the base class, if the class is extending
another class
All implemented interfaces, if the class is
implementing any interfaces
Class body (class fields, methods, constructors),
included within a pair of curly braces, {}

19

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

Example

The following list summarizes the optional and


compulsory components.

20

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

21

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

CLASS DEFINITION
A

class is a design used to specify the properties and


behavior of an object
The properties of an object are implemented using
variables
and the behavior is implemented using methods.
A class is a design from which an object can be
created

22

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

23

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

Points to remember
A

class name starts with the keyword class. (not


Class)
The state of a class is defined using attributes or
instance variables
The behavior is defined using methods
A class definition may also include comments and
constructors

NOTE A class is a design from which an object


can be created.
24

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS


VARIABLES
Each object has its own copy of the instance
variables
All properties can be call instance variables or
instance attributes.
The instance variables are defined within a class but
outside all methods in a class.
Class variable or Static variable is shared by all the
objects of a class
25

1.1.1 STRUCTURE OF A JAVA CLASS

METHODS
All

method is call Instance methods


A class method or static method is used to work with
the static variables,

CONSTRUCTORS
Use

to create and initialize the objects of a class.


A class can define multiple constructors that accept
different sets of method parameters

26

1.1.2 STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS


OF A JAVA SOURCE CODE FILE
A Java source code file is used to define classes
and interfaces
All your Java code should be defined in Java
source code files (file.java)
Structure of a Java source code file

Definition

of a class and an interface


Definition of single or multiple classes and interfaces
(in the same file)
Application of import and package statements to all
the classes in a Java source
code file
27

1.1.2 STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS


OF A JAVA SOURCE CODE FILE

DEFINITION OF INTERFACES
An

interface is a grouping of related methods and


constants
But the methods in an interface cannot define any
implementation
An interface specifies a contract for the
classes to implement.

28

1.1.2 STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS


OF A JAVA SOURCE CODE FILE
The definition of an interface starts with the
keyword interface.
An interface can define constants and methods.

29

1.1.2 STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS


OF A JAVA SOURCE CODE FILE

DEFINITION OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE


CLASSES IN A SINGLE JAVA SOURCE CODE
FILE
we

can define either a single class or an interface in a


single Java source code file

30

1.1.2 STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS


OF A JAVA SOURCE CODE FILE

We can also define a combination of classes and


interfaces in the same Java source code file.

31

1.1.2 STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS


OF A JAVA SOURCE CODE FILE

32

1.1.2 STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS


OF A JAVA SOURCE CODE FILE

33

IMPORT STATEMENTS IN JAVA


The java source file can have multi class or interface
The import statements can apply in all class or
interface

Classes and interfaces defined in the same Java


source code file cant be defined in orther packages
34

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