SIGNALING SYSTEM 7
Presentation By
MIR RIYAZ ALI
OVERVIEW
Fundamentals Of SS7
Evolution Of SS7
SS7 Signal Flow
SS7 Network Architecture
Message Transfer Part
Telephone User Part
ISDN User Part
Signaling Connection Control Part
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
Intelligent Network Application Part
FUNDAMENTALS OF SS7
Signaling Means Of Passing Information & Instructions Form One
Point To Another Relevant To Set-up And Supervise A Telephone
Call
Two Types Of Signaling
Subscriber Signaling
Trunk Signaling
MS
ss
EXCHAN
GE
TS
EXCHAN
GE
ss
MS
FUNDAMENTALS OF SS7
Trunk Signaling is further divided into
CHANNEL ASSOCIATED SIGNALING (CAS)
COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALING (CCS)
Characteristics of CAS
Dedicated signaling path in speech channel (In-Band)
Has limitations like relatively slow, limited capacity
Characteristics of CCS
Separate channels for signaling
Dual direction signaling
Signaling information grouped into units called Data Packets
Supports not only singling information but also voice related information
like address, error control information, circuit identification information
EVOLUTION OF SS7
It is also referred to as CCS7
Primarily designed for digital networks that support national as well
as international data traffic
Supports high data transmission rate of 64 kbps
Not only designed to control voice services but also non voice
services
Advantages of SS7
Fast
High capacity
Economical
Reliable
Flexible
SS7 SIGNAL FLOW
SSP
STP
Voice Trunks
SCP
SS7 Links
SSP
STP
SSP, STP, SCP
SPC, OPC, DPC
Signaling Link, Signaling Link Set (SLS)
SCP
SS7 SIGNAL FLOW
Signaling Modes
Associated Mode
Quasi-associated Mode
Associated
SP
Quasi-Associated
SP
SP
SP
STP
STP
Signaling Relation
Signaling Link Set
Signaling Route - Pre Determined Path
Signaling Route Set - Set of Pre-Determined Paths
SS7 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
SS7 Protocol Stack
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
T
U
P
TCAP
SCCP
Network
MTP Level 3
Data Link
MTP Level 2
Physical
MTP Level 1
OSI REFERENCE MODEL
I
S
U
P
SS7 PROTOCOL STACK
MESSAGE TRANSFER PART
MTP Level 1 is equivalent to OSI Physical Layer
It defines the physical characteristics of digital signaling link
Basically it deals with physical interfaces like E-1 (32x64kbps), DS-1
(24x64kbps), V.35 ( 64kbps), DS-0 ( 64kbps), & DS-0A (56kbps)
MESSAGE TRANSFER PART
MTP Level 2 is equivalent to OSI Data Link Layer
It implements error checking, flow control, and sequence validation
Also control retransmission in cases of signaling link failures
MESSAGE TRANSFER PART
MTP Level 3 is equivalent to OSI Network Layer
It provides routing between SPs, re-routing from failed links, and
controls traffic when congestion occurs
SIGNALING UNIT
SS7 message is called Signaling unit
Three kinds of signaling units
Fill-In Signaling Unit
Link Status Signaling Unit
Message Signaling Unit
B
Flag BSN I FSN
B
F
I
B
LI
Spare
CRC
B
Flag BSN I FSN
B
F
I
B
LI
Spare
Status
FISU
CRC
LSSU
SIGNALING UNITS
B
Flag BSN I FSN
B
F
I
B
LI
Spare
SIO
SIF
CRC
MSU
Flag- indicates beginning & end of SU. MTP level 2 adds Flags in
transmission & deletes Flags in reception
BSN, FSN, BIB, FIB used for addressing and acknowledging addressing.
LI- Length Indicator determines which type of SU
Status- sends status of one SP to another
SIO- Service Identifier Octet, specifies which type of service you want
whether international, national, whether telephone call or maintenance etc.
SIF- Signaling Information Field, basically it carries routing label
ROUTING LABELS
MTP Level 3 routing is provided in the SIF field of MSU
It comprises of
DPC
OPC
SLS
SLS Signaling Link Selection, the determination of which signaling link to
be used is determined by DPC and SLS
The SLS ensures message sequencing
Proper utilization of SLS in round robin fashion yields equal load sharing on
links
TELEPHONE USER PART
Defines the necessary telephone signaling functions in SS7
The parameters of this protocol travel in the SIF field of MSU on signaling
messages
Some common TUP signals
IAM Initial Address Message
SAM - Subsequent Address Message
ACM - Address Complete Message
ANC - Answer Charge
CBK Clear Back
CLF Clear Forward
RLG Release Guard
ISDN USER PART
Defines protocols & procedures to connect, manage & release trunk circuits
that carry both voice & data calls over PSTN
Used for ISDN & Non-ISDN calls
Used for inter-network calls but not for calls that originate and terminate at
same switch
Common ISUP protocols
IAM Initial Address Message
ACM Address Complete Message
ANM Answer Message
REL - Release
RLC Release Complete
ISUP CALL CONTROL
STP
[Link]
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[Link]
[Link]
SSP
[Link]
STP
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
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[Link]
SSP
[Link]
SIGNALING CONNECTION CONTROL
PART
Functions along with MTP-Level 3 as routing & networking layer
It adds to the limitations of MTP-Level 3
It provides connectionless and connection oriented service
It provides enhanced routing & achieves global transmission
between different SS & networks using GT addressing
It supports up to 256 subsystem rather than 16 as in MTP Level 3
SIGNALING CONNECTION CONTROL
PART
SCCP addressing makes use of
DPC
GT
SUB-SYSTEM NUMBER (SSN)
Primitive used to pass information between different layers of SS7
SCCP has three kinds of primitives which travel on SSP maintenance
terminals
N_UnitData_Req
N_UnitData_IND
N_Notice_IND
SCCP Services are classified into four classes
SIGNALING CONNECTION CONTROL
PART
Class 0 services for connectionless circuits
Class 1 IN sequence service for connectionless circuit
Class 2 services for connection-oriented circuits
Class 3 Flow Control for connection oriented services
There are 17 kinds of messages of SCCP
Only Unit Data (UDT), Unit Data Service (UDTS), services are used for
connectionless services.
TRANSACTION CAPABILITIES
APPLICATION PART
Data exchange between switching systems is achieved using this
protocol
This data exchange is done through dialogues.
A dialogue can be
Structured Bi-directional in nature. It has BEGIN, CONTINUE & END.
IN use this kind of Dialogue
Unstructured Unidirectional in nature
Other applications of TCAP include
Accessing network database by different Switches &
Databases establishing remote dialogue connection
Some of the examples of TCAP applications
Mobile services
Free phone services &
Credit card calling
TRANSACTION CAPABILITIES
APPLICATION PART
TCAP operations are classified into four classes
Class 1 result is returned irrespective of success or failure
Class 2 on failure RE is returned
Class 3 on success RR_L or RR_NL is returned
Class 4 no result is returned irrespective of success or failure
A dialogue has one or more components
A service procedure is just one dialogue
A dialogue is basically a carrier of operations
There are 16 kind of TCAP primitives
Generally TCAP includes the following protocols
INAP
CAP
MAP
INTELLIGENT NETWORK APPLICATION
PART
This protocol is used for Fixed Line Networks.
INAP uses DPC+SSN routing mode of SCCP
It can also use GT routing mode of SCCP
Important operations of INAP
Activate service filtering, Prompt & Collect
Initial DP, RRBE
AC
RC, BER
THANK YOU
