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    Themenstrualcycle 120606211927 Phpapp02

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    Ludy Lyn
    The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones and typically lasts 28 days. At puberty, a female's reproductive system matures and she begins menstruating monthly. During the cycle, the ovaries release an egg (ovulation) around day 14 under the influence of hormones. If the egg is not fertilized, the uterine lining breaks down and is shed, causing menstruation. This cyclical process prepares the body for potential pregnancy each month until menopause.

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    Themenstrualcycle 120606211927 Phpapp02

    Uploaded by

    Ludy Lyn
    57 views16 pages
    The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones and typically lasts 28 days. At puberty, a female's reproductive system matures and she begins menstruating monthly. During the cycle, the ovaries release an egg (ovulation) around day 14 under the influence of hormones. If the egg is not fertilized, the uterine lining breaks down and is shed, causing menstruation. This cyclical process prepares the body for potential pregnancy each month until menopause.

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    The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones and typically lasts 28 days. At puberty, a female's reproductive system matures and she begins menstruating monthly. During the cycle, the ovaries release an egg (ovulation) around day 14 under the influence of hormones. If the egg is not fertilized, the uterine lining breaks down and is shed, causing menstruation. This cyclical process prepares the body for potential pregnancy each month until menopause.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    57 views16 pages

    Themenstrualcycle 120606211927 Phpapp02

    Uploaded by

    Ludy Lyn
    The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones and typically lasts 28 days. At puberty, a female's reproductive system matures and she begins menstruating monthly. During the cycle, the ovaries release an egg (ovulation) around day 14 under the influence of hormones. If the egg is not fertilized, the uterine lining breaks down and is shed, causing menstruation. This cyclical process prepares the body for potential pregnancy each month until menopause.

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    THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

    Candidate should be able to describe the menstrual cycle

    When a female reaches puberty she usually


    has a menstrual period every month.

    The start of periods is known as menarche.

    Menarche doesn't happen until all the parts of


    a girl's reproductive system have matured and
    are working together.

    This event occurs until the woman reaches


    menopause

    This period is apart of a cyclical process


    which prepares the woman's body for the
    development of a fertilized egg.

    The process is controlled by several


    hormones.

    What is a hormone?
    A chemical substance produced by an
    endocrine gland to coordinate one or more
    specific processes in the body.

    The process is controlled by several


    hormones.

    GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE GnRH


    FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE FSH
    LEUTENIZING HORMONE LH
    LUTEOTROPPIC HORMONE
    OESTROGEN
    PROGESTERONE

    Each month, the ovary releases an egg cell. It


    travels down the fallopian tube towards the
    uterus.

    The egg matures when


    FSH from the
    pituitary gland
    reaches the ovary.
    The mature egg is
    surrounded by a fluid
    and a jacket of cells
    known as the
    Graafian follicle.

    Graafian Folllicle

    OVULATION

    The mature Graafian follicle moves toward the


    surface of the ovary and ruptures releasing
    the egg(ovum) from the follicle and the ovary.

    This process, ovulation occurs about the 14 th


    day after the beginning of the menstrual
    period.

    When the ovum is released it enters the


    oviduct and passes along the oviduct to the
    uterus

    After ovulation, the pituitary gland secretes


    lutenizing hormone (LH).

    LH changes the remains of the follicle into the


    corpus luteum/yellow body.

    Corpus luteum produces the hormone


    progesterone.

    Progesterone further thickens the uterus lining


    and increases blood supply

    If fertilization does occur the corpus luteum


    enlarges and continues to produce progesterone.
    The lining of the uterus thickens and blood
    supply increases.

    Progesterone also causes the breast to enlarge.

    These are pregnancy changes, progesterone is


    also known as the pregnancy hormone.

    Both oestrogen and progesterone slow down FSH


    production when their concentrations become
    high. Thus no more eggs develop. *negative
    feedback *

    If fertilization does not occur the corpus


    luteum degenerates to ordinary ovary tissue
    and the progesterone level falls.

    The lining of the uterus breaks down and the


    egg dies.

    Lining along with blood passes out the vagina


    as the menstrual period.

    Cycle continues with increased FSH production


    and egg development.

    Cycle lasts approximately 28days

    Normal Menstrual Cycle


    What is the mean duration of the MC?
    Mean 28 days (only 15% of )
    Range 21-35
    What is the average duration of menses?
    3-8 days
    What is the normal estimated blood loss?
    Approximately 30 ml
    When does ovulation occur?
    Usually day 14
    36 hrs after the onset of mid-cycle LH surge

    Menstrual Cramps

    Menstrual cramps are pains in the abdominal


    (belly) and pelvic areas that are experienced by
    a woman as a result of her menstrual period.

    Menstrual cramps can range from mild to quite


    severe. Mild menstrual cramps may be barely
    noticeable and of short duration - sometimes felt
    just as a sense of light heaviness in the belly.
    Severe menstrual cramps can be so painful that
    they interfere with a woman's regular activities
    for several days.

    What causes menstrual cramps

    When the old uterine lining begins to break


    down, molecular compounds called
    prostaglandins are released. These compounds
    cause the muscles of the uterus to contract.
    When the uterine muscles contract, they
    constrict the blood supply to the endometrium.
    This contraction blocks the delivery of oxygen to
    the tissue of the endometrium which, in turn,
    breaks down and dies. After the death of this
    tissue, the uterine contractions literally squeeze
    the old endometrial tissue through the cervix
    and out of the body by way of the vagina.

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