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    Mercury Vapor Lamps

    Uploaded by

    Dale Napo
    Mercury vapor lamps produce light through an electric arc that vaporizes mercury gas. They were one of the first high-intensity discharge lamps developed commercially in the early 20th century. Mercury vapor lamps operate at either high or low pressure and produce wavelengths from 185 to 1,014 nm. They have a bluish-green tint and were widely used for outdoor and industrial lighting where high illumination was needed before being replaced by other more efficient lamp types.

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    Mercury Vapor Lamps

    Uploaded by

    Dale Napo
    496 views24 pages
    Mercury vapor lamps produce light through an electric arc that vaporizes mercury gas. They were one of the first high-intensity discharge lamps developed commercially in the early 20th century. Mercury vapor lamps operate at either high or low pressure and produce wavelengths from 185 to 1,014 nm. They have a bluish-green tint and were widely used for outdoor and industrial lighting where high illumination was needed before being replaced by other more efficient lamp types.

    Original Description:

    low pressure mercury vapor lamps high pressure mercury vapor lamps

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    Mercury vapor lamps produce light through an electric arc that vaporizes mercury gas. They were one of the first high-intensity discharge lamps developed commercially in the early 20th century. Mercury vapor lamps operate at either high or low pressure and produce wavelengths from 185 to 1,014 nm. They have a bluish-green tint and were widely used for outdoor and industrial lighting where high illumination was needed before being replaced by other more efficient lamp types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    496 views24 pages

    Mercury Vapor Lamps

    Uploaded by

    Dale Napo
    Mercury vapor lamps produce light through an electric arc that vaporizes mercury gas. They were one of the first high-intensity discharge lamps developed commercially in the early 20th century. Mercury vapor lamps operate at either high or low pressure and produce wavelengths from 185 to 1,014 nm. They have a bluish-green tint and were widely used for outdoor and industrial lighting where high illumination was needed before being replaced by other more efficient lamp types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are that mercury vapor lamps produce light through an electric arc that vaporizes mercury, and were one of the first high intensity discharge lamps commercially available.

    There are two main types of mercury vapor lamps - high pressure lamps which operate at 104-106 N/m2 and produce light in the range of 248-1014 nm, and low pressure lamps which operate at around 0.7 N/m2 and produce light at 185-254 nm.

    A mercury vapor lamp works by establishing an initial electric discharge between electrodes through argon gas, producing enough heat to vaporize the mercury inside the arc tube. This allows a discharge through the mercury vapor which produces the lamp's characteristic light.

    MERCURY VAPOR

    LAMPS
    (High Pressure Mercury Vapor Lamps)

    Mercury Vapor Lamps


    a gas discharge lamp that uses an electric arc through
    vaporized mercury to produce light
    first high intensity discharge lamps to be commercially
    available

    Mercury Vapor Lamps


    High Pressure

    104106 N/m2

    wavelength range of 248 to 1,014 nm

    Low Pressure

    approximately 0.7 N/m2

    wavelengths of 185 to 254 nanometers

    HISTORY
    1835 - Tested mercury vapor
    arcs in air at common
    atmosphere

    Charles Wheatstone (London)


    worked with arcs through mercury during this
    tests in spectropy. He would create an arc through
    a metal, then observe what colors it produced
    when a prism separated the light into it's
    individual frequencies.

    1860 - Developed a rudimentary mercury


    vapor lamp

    John Thomas Way (London)

    Developed a mercury vapor lamp. He tested them on the


    Hammersmith Bridge in London.

    HISTORY
    1892 - Developed an
    experimental mercury vapor
    lamp

    Leo Arons, (University of Berlin).


    His lamp worked fine but had a
    green blue color that was not
    acceptable to most people.

    1901 - The First Commercial


    Mercury Vapor Lamp

    Peter Cooper Hewitt (New York City)


    had a history of innovations in other fields, and
    when he set about on the project of the mercury
    vapor lamp in 1898 it only took 3 years to
    develop the first reliable lamp with a acceptable
    color of light.

    Cooper Hewitt Electric Lamps

    HISTORY
    1906 - Higher pressure mercury vapor
    light in a fuzed quartz tube is developed

    Kuch & Retschinsky (Siemens, Munich)

    1936 - The modern highpressure mercury vapor lamp


    is developed, type MB
    Philips

    PARTS

    PARTS
    This is a "Lifegaurd" brand
    lamp by Westinghouse, it
    needs a ballast to run.UV rays
    are produced, but blocked by
    the borosilicate glass.

    PARTS
    The photo below shows a self-ballasted lamp, notice
    the tungsten filament.

    PARTS
    Arc tube(inner tube)
    fabricated from quartz
    contains argon and
    mercury
    Main Electrodes
    Holds tungsten rods
    Produce electrons

    Starting electrode
    Used for starting the main
    arc

    Outer bulb

    made of borosilicate glass


    to prevent UV rays from
    escaping

    Ballast
    Limits the current

    CONSTRUCTION

    CONSTRUCTION
    The lamp consists of two bulbs, inner bulb and outer bulb.
    The electric discharge takes place in the inner bulb.
    The outer bulb protects the inner bulb and reduces loss of heat.
    The inner bulb consists of a small amount of mercury and argon gas.
    The two electrodes A and B are made up of electron emitting
    material.
    Three electrodes A, B and S are provided in the inner bulb.
    The electrode A is connected to electrode S through a high
    resistance.
    Choke L and capacitor C forms the control circuits of the lamp.

    Working Principle
    When the supply is switched on, the initial discharge is established between
    electrode B and S through the argon gas and then between electrodes A and
    B.
    The heat produced due to this discharge is sufficient to vaporize mercury
    and the discharge through the mercury vapor takes place.
    In this normal operation of the lamp, it emits or radiates its characteristic
    light.
    The electrode S is called as starting electrode or auxiliary electrode.
    The choke serves to limit the current drawn by the electrodes to a safe limit.
    The capacitor C improves the power factor of the lamp.
    These lamps are widely used for outdoor street lighting where a high
    illumination is necessary, where the color of the light is not important.

    Lamp Efficacy

    USES
    Area and street lighting
    Molecular spectroscopy
    Photolithography
    Projection

    ADVANTAGES
    - Good efficiency (lamps after 1980s have a high lumen
    per watt rating)
    - Color rendering is better than that of high pressure
    sodium street lights
    - Some lamps last far longer than the 24000 hour mark,
    sometimes 40 years

    DISADVANTAGES
    - Like many lamps it contains traces of mercury which
    must be disposed of properly
    - HPS streetlights have a better lumen per watt rating
    - Human skin looks green under the light, it is poor for
    color film/photography
    -Warm up time required to start the lamp

    Line spectrum of mercury vapor. The blue-green


    tint of mercury vapor lamps is caused by the
    strong violet and green lines.

    In this clear bulb zinc and cadmium are metals


    used along with the mercury to help color and
    brightness.

    A Mercury Vapor with a


    transformer (ballast) build into
    the base

    The bulb at left is just warming up, the bulb at right is after a few minutes of warming. This bulb has
    phosphor to help make the light more of a true white color. It can take several minutes to warm up.

    small amounts of mercury visible on a large discharge tube

    THE END

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