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    DR Channa Senanayake Dept of Microbiology

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    Tharindu
    This document discusses respiratory viruses and the illnesses they cause. It notes that respiratory viral infections are very common, causing around 2.4 illnesses per person per year on average. Children experience the highest rates, with 5-9 illnesses per year under age 9. The document explores why respiratory infections are so common, due to hundreds of virus serotypes and waning immunity. It then describes several clinical syndromes associated with different respiratory viruses, such as the common cold, croup, bronchitis, and pneumonia. It provides details on influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses, including their structure, subtypes, and mechanisms of antigenic drift and shift.

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    DR Channa Senanayake Dept of Microbiology

    Uploaded by

    Tharindu
    58 views19 pages
    This document discusses respiratory viruses and the illnesses they cause. It notes that respiratory viral infections are very common, causing around 2.4 illnesses per person per year on average. Children experience the highest rates, with 5-9 illnesses per year under age 9. The document explores why respiratory infections are so common, due to hundreds of virus serotypes and waning immunity. It then describes several clinical syndromes associated with different respiratory viruses, such as the common cold, croup, bronchitis, and pneumonia. It provides details on influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses, including their structure, subtypes, and mechanisms of antigenic drift and shift.

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    Respiratory Viruses

    Original Title

    Respiratory Viruses

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    This document discusses respiratory viruses and the illnesses they cause. It notes that respiratory viral infections are very common, causing around 2.4 illnesses per person per year on average. Children experience the highest rates, with 5-9 illnesses per year under age 9. The document explores why respiratory infections are so common, due to hundreds of virus serotypes and waning immunity. It then describes several clinical syndromes associated with different respiratory viruses, such as the common cold, croup, bronchitis, and pneumonia. It provides details on influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses, including their structure, subtypes, and mechanisms of antigenic drift and shift.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    58 views19 pages

    DR Channa Senanayake Dept of Microbiology

    Uploaded by

    Tharindu
    This document discusses respiratory viruses and the illnesses they cause. It notes that respiratory viral infections are very common, causing around 2.4 illnesses per person per year on average. Children experience the highest rates, with 5-9 illnesses per year under age 9. The document explores why respiratory infections are so common, due to hundreds of virus serotypes and waning immunity. It then describes several clinical syndromes associated with different respiratory viruses, such as the common cold, croup, bronchitis, and pneumonia. It provides details on influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses, including their structure, subtypes, and mechanisms of antigenic drift and shift.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Dr Channa Senanayake

    Dept of Microbiology

    Respiratory Viruses
    Respiratory viral infections have a major
    impact on health

    Acute respiratory illnesses caused by the


    viruses are the most common illness for
    other wise healthy adults and children

    Respiratory Viruses
    Tecumesh study a family based study of
    respiratory illness
    Respiratory viral infections result in a total of
    2.4 illnesses per person per year
    25% of these illnesses result in consultation
    with a physician
    Illness rates [per all acute respiratory conditions
    are highest in young children. Children < 9 yrs
    are estimated to experience between 5-9
    respiratory illnesses per year
    Adult experience between 3-5 such illnesses

    Respiratory Viruses
    Why do so many respiratory infections
    occur
    Hundreds of different serotypes- immunity
    against one serotype will only partially protect
    against a different serotype
    Main defense- IgA which is not long lasting
    Mobility of infected individuals due to
    Often the trivial nature
    Shedding of virus during the Incubation
    period

    Clinical syndromes associated with


    respiratory viruses

    1. Common cold-

    Nasal stuffiness
    Sneezing
    Running nose
    Sore throat
    Chills and malaise

    Causative viruses- Rhinoviruses, corona


    parainfleunza viruses, RSV and

    viruses,
    adeno viruses

    Clinical syndromes associated with


    respiratory viruses
    2. Pharyngitis
    Sore throat together with objective
    evidence pf pharyngeal inflammation
    Clinical features : Fever pharyngitis,
    bilateral conjunctivitis
    Causative viruses: Rhinoviruses,
    parainfleunza viruses, adenoviruses,
    influenza viruses, Herpangina

    Clinical syndromes associated with


    respiratory viruses
    3. Croup (Acute laryngotracheobronchitis)
    Clinical features :
    Predominantly affect children under 3 yrs
    Usually begins with rhinorrhoea and sore
    throat
    Cough with a barking quality
    Causative viruses : Parainfleunza virus1,2
    and 3, influenza type A, Adenoviruses

    Clinical syndromes associated with


    respiratory viruses
    4. Tracheitis and tracheobronchitis
    Clinical features
    Retrosternal discomfort during inspiration
    Productive paroxysmal cough
    Causative viruses : influenza virus type A
    and B

    Clinical syndromes associated with


    respiratory viruses
    5. Bronchiolitis
    Characteristically a pediatric infection with
    an obstruction to expiratory air flow
    Causative viruses : RSV, Parainfleunza
    virus type 3

    Clinical syndromes associated with


    respiratory viruses
    6. Viral pneumonia
    Its defined as by the development of
    abnormalities of alveolar gas exchange
    accompanied by inflammation of the lung
    parenchyma , often associated with visible
    changes on CXR
    Causative viruses :
    Adults influenza A, B and adenoviruses
    Children RSV, Parainfleunza virus type
    3,
    Influenza A, Measles virus

    Influenza viruses
    Size 120 mm
    Belongs to the family of Orthomyxoviridae
    Enveloped viruses with segmented RNA
    genomes
    the surface is covered with HA
    ( haemagglutinins) and NA
    (neuraminidase) spikes
    Subtypes occur only among influenza
    virus A

    Influenza viruses
    There are 15 distinct HA subtypes and 9
    subtypes
    Viruses are named on the basis of type,
    location of isolation, serial number from
    that location, year of isolation, and in the
    case of influenza A viruses subtypes of the
    HA and NA antigens
    Eg A/Swine/scotland/42/1990/H3N1

    Influenza viruses
    The most recent out break has been by
    Influenza virus H5N1which is also called
    the Avian influenza virus
    The changing antigenicity of influenza
    viruses permits continued circulation in
    human population and make their
    behaviour unpredictable.

    Influenza viruses
    Antigenic drift :
    Relatively minor changes due to point
    mutation in the gene segment coding for HA
    and NA

    Antigenic shift :
    Occurs only in influenza A viruses due to
    acquisition of new gene segment/s encoding
    HA and NA

    Parainfluenza viruses (PIV)

    Belongs to the family paramyxoviridae


    Three subfamilies
    1. Parainfluenza virus- PIV1,2,&3, mumps virus
    2. Morbillivirus Measles virus
    3. Pneumovirus - RSV

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