Communication: Organisational Behavior

COMMUNICATION
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Submitted by,
Merrin Syra Mathew
Annu Mathew
CONTENTS
PAGE NUMBER
Functions of Communication
Communication Process
Direction of Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Organizational Communication
Electronic Communication
12
Emoticon: Showing Emotions in

Email
Choice of Communication Channel
13
Information Richness of
Communication Channel
16
Persuasive Communication
17
Barriers to Effective Communication
18
Global Implications
20
15
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication includes the transfer and understanding of meaning
Communication functions include:

Control member behavior
Foster motivation for what is to be done
Provide a release for emotional expression
Provide information needed to make decisions
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
The sender
Encoding
The message
The channel
Decoding
The receiver
Noise
Feedback
A purpose, expressed as a message to be conveyed, is needed to

begin the process.
It passes between a source (the sender) and a receiver.
The message is encoded (converted to a symbolic form).
It is passed by way of some medium (channel) to the receiver.
The receiver retranslates (decodes) the message initiated by the
sender.
The result is a transference of meaning from one person to an
other.
DIRECTION OF COMMUNICATION
Downward Communication:
Message moves from higher to lower level
Upward communication :
Message moves from lower level to higher level.
An open and effective upward communication minimizes the warnings, demands

and complaints.
Lateral Communication
Messages conversed between people on the same hierarchical level.

For example, in terms of the workplace, if two supervisors have a discussion or
two board members raise an issue this is known as lateral communication.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Oral Communication
Advantages:
Speed and feedback.
We can convey a verbal message and receive a response in minimal time.
Disadvantage:
Distortion of the message.
Written Communication
Advantages:
Tangible and verifiable
Disadvantages:
Time consuming and lacks feedback
Cntd
Non verbal communication

Advantages:
Supports other communications and provides observable expression of

emotions and feelings.
Disadvantage:
Misperception of body language or gestures can influence receivers

interpretation of message.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
FORMAL SMALL GROUP NETWORK:

Chain - rigidly follows the formal chain of command.
10
Relies on the leader to act as central for all the

group communication.
Allows vertical movement and is strictly

hierarchal.
All group members actively communicate

with each other.
11
Cntd.
THE GRAPEVINE
Informal, not controlled by management.
Perceived by most employees as being more believable and reliable than

formal communications.
Largely used to serve the self-interests of those who use it.
Results from:
Desire for information about important situations
Ambiguous conditions
Conditions that cause anxiety
12
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS
E-mail
Advantages: quickly written, sent, and stored; low cost for distribution.
Disadvantages: information overload, lack of emotional content, cold and

impersonal.
Instant messaging
Advantage: real time e-mail transmitted straight to the receivers desktop.
Disadvantage: can be intrusive and distracting.
13
EMOTICONS: SHOWING EMOTION IN

E-MAIL
Electronic mail neednt be emotion free. Over the years, a set of symbols
(emoticons) has evolved that e-mail users have developed for expressing
emotions. For instance, the use of all caps (i.e., This project needs your
immediate attention!) is the e-mail equivalent of shouting. The following
highlights some emoticons:
14
Cntd..
Intranet
Extranet
A private organization-wide information network.

An information network connecting employees with external suppliers,
customers, and strategic partners.
Videoconferencing
An extension of an intranet or extranet that permits face-to-face virtual

meetings via video links.
Social net working sites like facebook,twitter,blogs etc..
15
CHOICE OF COMMUNICATION
CHANNEL
CHANNEL RICHNESS:
The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication

episode
Characteristics of Rich Channels

Handle multiple cues simultaneously
Facilitate rapid feedback
Are very personal in context
Choice depends on whether the message is routine
16
INFORMATION RICHNESS OF
COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
Routine _________________________________________________________________Nonroutine
17
PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATIONS
Automatic Processing:
Automatic processing occurs without us giving much thought to it. It takes little
time
and low effort
Controlled Processing:
A detailed consideration of evidence and information relying on facts, figures
and logic.
18
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Filtering
A senders manipulation of information so that it will be seen more favorably by
the receiver
Selective Perception
People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests,
background, experience, and attitudes
Information Overload
A condition in which information inflow exceeds an individuals processing capacity
Emotions
How a receiver feels at the time a message is received will influence how the
message is interpreted.
19
Cntd
Language
Words have different meanings to different people.
Lying
Outright misrepresentation of information or lying.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEeIjAkcbws
20
GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS
Cross-cultural factors increase communication difficulties
Cultural Barriers:
Semantics: some words arent translatable
Word Connotations: some words imply multiple meanings beyond their

definitions
Tone Differences: the acceptable level of formality of language
Perception Differences: language affects worldview
21
22
23
Cultural Context
Culture tends to differ in the degree to which context influences the
meaning individuals take from communication
Low-context cultures (like the U.S.) rely on words for meaning
High-context cultures gain meaning from the whole situation
Body language issues
24
Cultural Guide
Four rules to reduce misperceptions, misinterpretations, and

misevaluation are:
Assuming differences until similarity is proven
Emphasizing description rather than interpretation or evaluation
Practicing empathy in communication
Treating your interpretations as working hypotheses
25

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COMMUNICATION

Emoticon: Showing Emotions in

Barriers to Effective Communication

Communication includes the transfer and understanding of meaning

Communication functions include:

A purpose, expressed as a message to be conveyed, is needed to

Message moves from higher to lower level

Message moves from lower level to higher level.

An open and effective upward communication minimizes the warnings, demands

Messages conversed between people on the same hierarchical level.

Speed and feedback.

We can convey a verbal message and receive a response in minimal time.

Distortion of the message.

Tangible and verifiable

Time consuming and lacks feedback

Non verbal communication

Supports other communications and provides observable expression of

Misperception of body language or gestures can influence receivers

FORMAL SMALL GROUP NETWORK:

Relies on the leader to act as central for all the

Allows vertical movement and is strictly

All group members actively communicate

Informal, not controlled by management.

Perceived by most employees as being more believable and reliable than

Largely used to serve the self-interests of those who use it.

Disadvantages: information overload, lack of emotional content, cold and

Advantage: real time e-mail transmitted straight to the receivers desktop.

Disadvantage: can be intrusive and distracting.

EMOTICONS: SHOWING EMOTION IN

A private organization-wide information network.

An extension of an intranet or extranet that permits face-to-face virtual

Social net working sites like facebook,twitter,blogs etc..

The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication

Characteristics of Rich Channels

Choice depends on whether the message is routine

Words have different meanings to different people.

Outright misrepresentation of information or lying.

Cross-cultural factors increase communication difficulties

Semantics: some words arent translatable

Word Connotations: some words imply multiple meanings beyond their

Tone Differences: the acceptable level of formality of language

Perception Differences: language affects worldview

Four rules to reduce misperceptions, misinterpretations, and

Assuming differences until similarity is proven

Emphasizing description rather than interpretation or evaluation

Practicing empathy in communication

Treating your interpretations as working hypotheses

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