Conceptual Framework - Software-1

Conceptual
Framework
Unit 1
Computer Application and Management Information System; NMBA 018 1

Topics to cover:
Software
Types of Software
Application Software
System Software
Compiler
Assembler
Interpreter
Operating System
Functions, Types and Classification

Elements of GUI based operating system
Computer Application and
Management Information System;
NMBA 018 2
What is Software?
part of acomputer systemthat consists of
encoded information or computer
instructions, in contrast to the
physicalhardwarefrom which the system is
built

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Types of Software
System Software

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System Software
collection of programs designed to operate,
control, and extend the processing
capabilities of the computer itself
are generally prepared by computer
manufactures
comprise of programs written in low-level
languages which interact with the hardware

at a very basic level
serves as the interface between hardware
and the end users

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Examples of System
Software
Operating System,
Compilers,
Interpreter,
Assemblers etc.

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Features of System
Software
Close to system
Fast in speed
Difficult to design
Difficult to understand
Less interactive
Smaller in size
Difficult to manipulate
Generally written in low-level language

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designed to satisfy a particular need of a particular
environment.
All software applications prepared in the computer
lab can come under the category of Application

software.
may consist of a single program, such as a
Microsoft's notepad for writing and editing simple

text
or may consist of a collection of programs, often
called a software package, which work together to

accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet package.

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Examples of Application
software are following:
Payroll Software
Student Record Software
Inventory Management Software
Income Tax Software
Railways Reservation Software
Microsoft Office Suite Software
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Powerpoint

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Features of Application
Software
Close to user
Easy to design
More interactive
Slow in speed
Generally written in high-level language
Easy to understand
Easy to manipulate and use
Bigger in size and requires large storage
space

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Assembler
program which translates an assembly
language program into a machine language
program
If an assembler which runs on a computer
and produces the machine codes for the

same computer then it is called self
assembler or resident assembler.
If an assembler that runs on a computer
and produces the machine codes for other

computer then it is called Cross Assembler.

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Types of Assembler
One Pass Assembler
assigns the memory addresses to the variables
and translates the source code into machine code
in the first pass simultaneously.
Two Pass Assembler
reads the source code twice.
In the first pass, it reads all the variables
and assigns them memory addresses.
In the second pass, it reads the source code
and translates the code into object code.

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Compiler
program which translates a high level
language program into a machine language
program
If a compiler runs on a computer and produces
the machine codes for the same computer

then it is known as a self compiler or resident
compiler.
If a compiler runs on a computer and produces
the machine codes for other computer then it

is known as a cross compiler.

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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Compiler
Advantages
is more intelligent than an assembler
checks all kinds of limits, ranges, errors etc.
Disadvantages
More program run time
Occupies a larger part of the memory
Slow speed.

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Interpreter
A program which translates statements of a
program into machine code
translates only one statement of the
program at a time
reads only one statement of program,
translates it and executes it. Then it reads

the next statement of the program again
translates it and executes it

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Compiler v/s Interpreter
A compiler is 5 to 25 times faster than an
interpreter.
Compiler saves the machine codes
permanently for future reference.

Interpreter does not save the machine codes
produced
An interpreter is a small program as compared
to compiler.
Interpreter occupies less memory space, so it
can be used in a smaller system which has

limited memory space
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Operating Systems
A program that acts as an interface
between the user and the computer
hardware and controls the execution of all
kinds of programs.
performs all the basic tasks like file
management, memory management,

process management, handling input and
output, and controlling peripheral devices
such as disk drives and printers.

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Operating System

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Functions of Operating
System
Memory Management
Processor Management
Device Management
File Management
Security
Control over system performance
Job accounting
Error detecting aids
Coordination between other software and
users
NMBA 018 19
Types of Operating System
Batch Operating Systems
Time Sharing Operating System
Distributed Operating System
Network Operating System
Real Time Operating System

NMBA 018 20

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Conceptual

Computer Application and Management Information System; NMBA 018 1

Functions, Types and Classification

Computer Application and

Computer Application and

languages which interact with the hardware

and the end users

Computer Application and

Computer Application and

lab can come under the category of Application

Microsoft's notepad for writing and editing simple

called a software package, which work together to

Computer Application and

Computer Application and

Computer Application and

and produces the machine codes for the

and produces the machine codes for other

Computer Application and

and translates the code into object code.

Computer Application and

the machine codes for the same computer

the machine codes for other computer then it

Computer Application and

Computer Application and

translates it and executes it. Then it reads

Computer Application and

permanently for future reference.

can be used in a smaller system which has

management, memory management,

Computer Application and

Computer Application and

Computer Application and

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