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    Hernia

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    Vetrivel Tamizh
    The document discusses inguinal hernias, classifying them as either direct or indirect based on their anatomical location. Indirect inguinal hernias are more common in younger patients and occur lateral to key blood vessels, while direct hernias are more common in older patients and occur medial to those vessels. Complications of inguinal hernias include incarceration where intestinal tissue becomes trapped, and strangulation where trapped tissue loses blood flow, which is a surgical emergency.

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    Hernia

    Uploaded by

    Vetrivel Tamizh
    215 views16 pages
    The document discusses inguinal hernias, classifying them as either direct or indirect based on their anatomical location. Indirect inguinal hernias are more common in younger patients and occur lateral to key blood vessels, while direct hernias are more common in older patients and occur medial to those vessels. Complications of inguinal hernias include incarceration where intestinal tissue becomes trapped, and strangulation where trapped tissue loses blood flow, which is a surgical emergency.

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    The document discusses inguinal hernias, classifying them as either direct or indirect based on their anatomical location. Indirect inguinal hernias are more common in younger patients and occur lateral to key blood vessels, while direct hernias are more common in older patients and occur medial to those vessels. Complications of inguinal hernias include incarceration where intestinal tissue becomes trapped, and strangulation where trapped tissue loses blood flow, which is a surgical emergency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    215 views16 pages

    Hernia

    Uploaded by

    Vetrivel Tamizh
    The document discusses inguinal hernias, classifying them as either direct or indirect based on their anatomical location. Indirect inguinal hernias are more common in younger patients and occur lateral to key blood vessels, while direct hernias are more common in older patients and occur medial to those vessels. Complications of inguinal hernias include incarceration where intestinal tissue becomes trapped, and strangulation where trapped tissue loses blood flow, which is a surgical emergency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Signs & symptoms

    Complications

    of
    Inguinal Hernia

    K.
    Clinical classification of Inguinal Hernia

    Reducible
    Irreducible
    Obstructed
    Inflamed
    Anatomical classification of Inguinal Hernia
    Direct
    Indirect

    Classification of Inguinal Hernia


    (according to the extent)
    Incomplete
    Complete
    Indirect(Oblique) inguinal hernia

    This is the most common type of hernia.


    This is more common in younger age group, as
    compared to the direct inguinal hernia which is more
    common in the older age group.
    Bilateral or unilateral
    Sac is thin, Neck is narrow, Hernia lies lateral to the
    inferior epigastric vessels.
    Coverings (from inside to out)

    Extraperitoneal tissue
    Internal spermatic fascia
    Cremasteric fascia
    External spermatic fascia
    Skin
    Precipitating causes
    Smoking
    Obesity
    Respiratory causes like bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, bronchitis.
    Ascites
    Appendicectomy
    Chronic constipation
    Urinary problems like BPH, stricture urethra
    Multiple pregnancies
    Types

    Bubonocoele Limited to inguinal canal

    Funicular Processus vaginalis is closed


    just above the epididymis.

    Complete Pesistent processus


    vaginalis
    Direct inguinal hernia

    10-15 % of the hernias are direct.


    50% of the direct hernias are bilateral.
    35% of the inguinal hernias are direct.
    Due to the weakening of the posterior wall of the inguinal
    canal.(Hesselbalchs triangle)
    Sac is thick, Hernia lies medial to the inferior epigastric vessels.
    Classified into medial and lateral by medial umbilical ligament.
    (Obliterated umbilical artery)
    Coverings (from inside to out)

    Extraperitoneal tissue
    Transversalis fascia
    Conjoint tendon
    External spermatic fascia
    Skin
    Predisposing factors

    Chronic cough
    Smoking
    Constipation
    Heavy work
    Previous appendicectomy

    Malgaigne bulges
    Clinical features Symptoms

    Pain- dragging
    Swelling in the groin better seen on coughing and standing
    Usually reducible
    Signs

    Deep ring occlusion test


    Ring invagination test
    Ziemans test
    Head or leg raising test
    Per rectal examination
    Complications

    Incarceration
    When a part of the fat or small intestion from inside the abdomen
    becomes stuck in the groin or scrotum and cannot go back to the
    abdomen.

    Stangulation
    When the incarcerated hernia is not treated, the blood supply to the
    small intestine may become obstructed causing strangulation of the
    small intestine.(Surgical Emergency)
    Symptoms of strangulation

    Extreme tenderness or painful redness in the area


    of the bulge in the groin.
    Sudden pain that worsens and does not go away.
    Inability to have bowel movements and passing
    gas.
    Nausea, Vomiting, Fever.

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