This document summarizes a seminar on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It defines hydrogen as the simplest element, discusses how it can be produced from various renewable sources, and its chemical properties. It then provides a brief history of hydrogen fuel cells and vehicles. The document outlines different types of fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen storage methods. It discusses the potential infrastructure needed to support hydrogen vehicles and some applications like automobiles, buses, motorcycles. Finally, it discusses advantages like being clean burning but also challenges around production and storage of hydrogen.
This document summarizes a seminar on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It defines hydrogen as the simplest element, discusses how it can be produced from various renewable sources, and its chemical properties. It then provides a brief history of hydrogen fuel cells and vehicles. The document outlines different types of fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen storage methods. It discusses the potential infrastructure needed to support hydrogen vehicles and some applications like automobiles, buses, motorcycles. Finally, it discusses advantages like being clean burning but also challenges around production and storage of hydrogen.
This document summarizes a seminar on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It defines hydrogen as the simplest element, discusses how it can be produced from various renewable sources, and its chemical properties. It then provides a brief history of hydrogen fuel cells and vehicles. The document outlines different types of fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen storage methods. It discusses the potential infrastructure needed to support hydrogen vehicles and some applications like automobiles, buses, motorcycles. Finally, it discusses advantages like being clean burning but also challenges around production and storage of hydrogen.
This document summarizes a seminar on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It defines hydrogen as the simplest element, discusses how it can be produced from various renewable sources, and its chemical properties. It then provides a brief history of hydrogen fuel cells and vehicles. The document outlines different types of fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen storage methods. It discusses the potential infrastructure needed to support hydrogen vehicles and some applications like automobiles, buses, motorcycles. Finally, it discusses advantages like being clean burning but also challenges around production and storage of hydrogen.
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SEMINAR ON
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
PRESENTED BY, RAGHU SAI.G 3NA10ME021 UNDER GUIDEANCE, PROF. ASHOK MALIPATIL DEFINATION OF HYDROGEN
Simplest element in the universe
one proton and one electron Occurs naturally as a gas Can be used to create energy through combustion or use in fuel cells Most hydrogen is bonded to oxygen in the form of water (H2O) Can be produced through the use of nuclear, solar, wind, and other renewable sources Diversity of sources make hydrogen available alternative fuel Steam methane reforming (CH4 ) CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN
Makes up 75% of the mass of all visible
matter Nontoxic and nonpoisonous Rarely found alone (H2) usually bonded to oxygen in water (H2O) Highly buoyant lighter than air, rises and diffuses when leaked Hydrogen Colour Hydrogen smell Hydrogen flame identification BASIC HISTORY OF HYDROGEN 1820s Rev. W. Cecil developed hydrogen-fueled engine 1876 Nicolaus Otto invented four- cylinder engine; 1885 Gottleib Daimler invented modern ICE 1920s first testing of the hydrogen ICE Rudolf Erren used hydrogen ICEs in submarines and land vehicles General Motors coined the phrase hydrogen economy during the fuel crisis of the 1970s As fuel prices returned to normal, interest in hydrogen vehicles diminished Rising fuel prices, environmental concerns, and energy security sparked interest again in the twenty- first century ALTERNATE FUEL CELL VEHICLE HYBRIDS ETHANOL/E85 Here now, but still require gas Pushed by GM
More expensive, just as dirty?
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
Fuel cells are similar to
batteries, but designed for continuous replenishment of energy via external fuel Many different types of fuel cells, most common will likely be the PEM FC Hydrogen and oxygen in, water vapor and liquid water out Typical output is about . 8 volts WORKING OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TYPES OF FUEL CELL VEHICLE
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine
Dual-Fuel Hydrogen Vehicles Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Concept Vehicles HYDROGEN SOURCES Cooling at atmospheric Pressure= -253 c Std heating value H2 gas =12.1 MJ/cu m Std heating value of liquid H2 = 120 MJ/Kg HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE Hydrogen Production Almost all of the hydrogen produced in the U.S. today is by steam reforming of natural gas Produce hydrogen directly from new nuclear power reactors? R&D into several new methods: Biological Water Splitting Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Reforming of Biomass and Wastes Solar Thermal Water Splitting Renewable Electrolysis THE HYDROGEN HIGHWAY
-Worlds first hydrogen refueling
station opened in Iceland in 2003 California & Florida have both approved funding BC Hydrogen Highway will link Vancouver & Whistler by start of 2010 Winter Olympic Games HYDROGEN STORAGE Compressed gas storage Liquid storage(cryogenic storage) Line pack system Under ground storage Storage as metal hydride APPLICATION Automobiles Although there are currently no fuel cell cars available for commercial sale, over 20 FCEVs prototypes and demonstration cars have been released since 2009. Automobiles such as the GM HydroGen4,Honda FCX Clarity, Toyota FCHV-advandMercedes-Benz F-Cellare all pre-commercial examples of fuel cell electric vehicles. Fuel cell electric vehicles have driven more than 3 million miles, with more than 27,000 refuelings. Buses There are also demonstration models of buses,and in total there are over 100 fuel cell busesdeployed around the world today. Most of these buses are produced by UTC Power, Toyota, Ballard, Hydrogenics, and Proton Motor. UTC buses have already accumulated over 970,000km (600,000mi) of driving. Fuel cell buses have a 30-141% higher fuel economy than diesel buses and natural gas buses. Motorcycles and bicycles In 2005 the British firmIntelligent Energyproduced the first ever working hydrogen runmotorcyclecalled theENV(Emission Neutral Vehicle). The motorcycle holds enough fuel to run for four hours, and to travel 160km (100mi) in an urban area, at a top speed of 80km/h (50mph). In 2004Hondadeveloped afuel-cell motorcyclewhich utilized the Honda FC Stack.There are other examples of bikesand bicycleswith a hydrogen fuel cell engine. The Suzuki Burgman received "whole vehicle type" approval in the EU. Airplanes Boeingresearchers and industry partners throughout Europe conducted experimental flight tests in February 2008 of a mannedairplanepowered only by a fuel cell and lightweightbatteries. The Fuel Cell Demonstrator Airplane, as it was called, used a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell/ lithium-ion battery hybrid system to power an electric motor, which was coupled to a conventional propeller. In 2003, the world's first propeller driven airplane to be powered entirely by a fuel cell was flown. ADVANTAGES Created from water, can be recycled to produce more hydrogen
Cleanest fuel available when combusted produces
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or hydrocarbon emissions
Leaks/spills will quickly evaporate and do not pose any
threats to the environment
Domestic production will allow for energy
independence DISADVANTAGE Conceptually, replacing the current oil-based infrastructure withhydrogenwould cost billions, maybe trillions, of dollars. Although abundant in the universe,hydrogenis fairly rare in our atmosphere, meaning that it has to be extracted (for example through electrolysis, as explained above) and currently, the process is cost prohibitive and inefficient. It is a very flammable gas (think of the Hindenburg), which further adds to the on-board storage problems. its production at energy plants creates excessive carbon dioxide. Hydrogen Technology Development In India Production of hydrogen by photo electrolysis of water using solar energy Production of hydrogen by blue green algae & by certain bacterial species Storage of hydrogen through metal hydride / non metal hydride Problems relating to utilization of hydrogen as a fuel,that is developed for certain engines and fuel etc. Liquid hydrogen production, storage and utilization. CONCLUSION Hydrogen Fuel cell vehicles are currently being researched for their feasibility of widespread usage in automobiles and other forms of transportation. Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth and thus is not an energy source, but is an energy carrier. Currently it is most frequently made from methane or other fossil fuels . However, it can be produced from a wide range of sources (such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are intermittent, too diffuse or too cumbersome to directly propel vehicles. REFERENCE National Renewable Energy Laboratory http://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/proj_produc tion_delivery.html DoE Alternative Fuels Data Center http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/laws/ep act_2005.html Hydrogen Fuel Cell Realm http://www.geocities.com/aardduck/fc_bas ic.html Non conventional energy source G D rai 2006 edition FuelCellWorks.com THANK YOU