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    Basic Programming Concepts

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    Sharon Chan
    This document defines programming concepts and programming languages. It discusses that a computer program is a set of instructions given to a computer to perform tasks, and that a programming language allows humans to communicate with computers using words, symbols, and codes. It also describes the different levels and generations of programming languages, including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages like third generation languages like COBOL and BASIC, fourth generation languages like SQL, and fifth generation languages like Prolog.

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    Basic Programming Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Sharon Chan
    414 views11 pages
    This document defines programming concepts and programming languages. It discusses that a computer program is a set of instructions given to a computer to perform tasks, and that a programming language allows humans to communicate with computers using words, symbols, and codes. It also describes the different levels and generations of programming languages, including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages like third generation languages like COBOL and BASIC, fourth generation languages like SQL, and fifth generation languages like Prolog.

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    This document defines programming concepts and programming languages. It discusses that a computer program is a set of instructions given to a computer to perform tasks, and that a programming language allows humans to communicate with computers using words, symbols, and codes. It also describes the different levels and generations of programming languages, including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages like third generation languages like COBOL and BASIC, fourth generation languages like SQL, and fifth generation languages like Prolog.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    414 views11 pages

    Basic Programming Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Sharon Chan
    This document defines programming concepts and programming languages. It discusses that a computer program is a set of instructions given to a computer to perform tasks, and that a programming language allows humans to communicate with computers using words, symbols, and codes. It also describes the different levels and generations of programming languages, including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages like third generation languages like COBOL and BASIC, fourth generation languages like SQL, and fifth generation languages like Prolog.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    CHAPTER 5

    PROGRAMMIN
    G

    5.1
    Basic Programming Concepts
    THE DEFINITION OF PROGRAM

    A computer program is a set of instructions given


    to the computer to perform any task.
    THE DEFINITION OF
    PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
    A programming language is a set of words,
    symbols and codes that enables human to
    communicate with computers.
    Words (Dim, If, Then,
    For, Next)

    Dim number1 as Integer


    Dim number2 as Integer
    Symbol (=, +, -, *, /)
    number1 = 10
    number2 = 20
    code
    s If total = number1 + number2
    Then
    Print Excellent
    Else
    Print Please try again
    End If
    LEVELS AND GENERATIONS OF
    PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

    Low-level Programming Language


    High-level programming Language
    LEVELS AND GENERATIONS OF
    PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

    Low-level programming
    languages

    First Generation Second


    Machine Generation
    Language Assembly
    Language
    FIRST GENERATION:
    (MACHINE LANGUAGE)
    Language that computers can execute directly.
    Instructions in this language are in the form of
    binary digits 1s and 0s.
    Examples : Machine Language

    101000010011001101 Statement for adding two


    numbers.
    101000100011001101 Statement for subtracting
    two numbers.
    SECOND GENERATION
    (ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE):
    Uses symbolic instructions (mnemonics) to
    represent the instructions in the programs.
    Examples : AUTOCODER, SAP and SPS

    ADD R1 R2 Adds two numbers stored in registers


    R1 and R2.
    SUB R1 R2 Is the instruction to subtract two
    numbers stored in the registers R1 and R2.
    HIGH-LEVEL PROGRAMMING
    LANGUAGE

    High-level
    programming
    languages

    Third Forth Fifth


    Generation Generation Generation
    COBOL, BASIC, SQL, Prolog and
    C, ADA NOMAD, Mercury
    FOCUS,
    Intellect
    THIRD GENERATION
    Uses a series of English words and mathematical
    symbols for writing programs to write
    instructions.
    Example: COBOL, BASIC, C and ADA
    FORTH GENERATION
    A very high-level programming language
    Non-procedural language enables users to access
    data in a database.
    Example: SQL
    FIFTH GENERATION
    Visual programming language (natural
    language).
    Provides a visual or graphical interface, called a
    visual programming environment, for creating
    source codes.
    Example: Prolog and Mercury

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