Losses in Pipes 2011
Losses in Pipes 2011
Losses in Pipes 2011
WHY PIPES?
Transitional flow
2300 < Re < 4000
Turbulent flow
Turbulent flow
Characterized by velocity
fluctuations and highly
disordered motion (called
eddies).
Re > 4000
Reynolds Experiment
Surface Roughness,
Surface roughness on pipe
of pipe is depends
material and how it been manufactured.
Different pipe material gives different value of
surface roughness.
Rough pipe wall surface gives high value of
surface roughness and it will contribute larger
losses.
While smooth pipe (i.e have lower surface
roughness or = 0) contribute lower losses.
Surface roughness on rough and smooth
wall
General steps in solving Major Losses
2. Calculate friction factor f 2. Determine surface
problems.
where f for laminar, roughness, and then
f = 64/Re relative roughness /D.
1. Determine Re where Re = VD/.
3. Calculate the losses head 3. Obtain the value of friction
factor f from Moody chart
Ifdue to friction
Re<2300 h f.
(laminar flow) If Re>4000 (turbulent
(base on Re dan /D
flow)
obtained before)
Note : f value only influenced
by Re. no. and not by the 4. Calculate the losses head
value of relative roughness due to friction hf.
because the pipe surface is
smooth (i.e = 0)
Moody Chart
MINOR LOSSES