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    Muscle Physiology

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    Anna Harun
    - There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled and attached to bones. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and contracts involuntarily. Smooth muscle is involuntarily controlled and found in organs and blood vessels. - Skeletal muscle fibers contain striations and multiple nuclei. They contract through calcium release following neuronal stimulation. Contraction strength depends on motor unit recruitment and fiber tension. Cardiac muscle has a branching structure and contracts rhythmically through electrical stimulation. - Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus and contract through calcium sensitization in response to chemical or neural signals. Contraction allows organs to change shape and alter lumen size of vessels.

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    Muscle Physiology

    Uploaded by

    Anna Harun
    149 views23 pages
    - There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled and attached to bones. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and contracts involuntarily. Smooth muscle is involuntarily controlled and found in organs and blood vessels. - Skeletal muscle fibers contain striations and multiple nuclei. They contract through calcium release following neuronal stimulation. Contraction strength depends on motor unit recruitment and fiber tension. Cardiac muscle has a branching structure and contracts rhythmically through electrical stimulation. - Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus and contract through calcium sensitization in response to chemical or neural signals. Contraction allows organs to change shape and alter lumen size of vessels.

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    - There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled and attached to bones. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and contracts involuntarily. Smooth muscle is involuntarily controlled and found in organs and blood vessels. - Skeletal muscle fibers contain striations and multiple nuclei. They contract through calcium release following neuronal stimulation. Contraction strength depends on motor unit recruitment and fiber tension. Cardiac muscle has a branching structure and contracts rhythmically through electrical stimulation. - Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus and contract through calcium sensitization in response to chemical or neural signals. Contraction allows organs to change shape and alter lumen size of vessels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    149 views23 pages

    Muscle Physiology

    Uploaded by

    Anna Harun
    - There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled and attached to bones. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and contracts involuntarily. Smooth muscle is involuntarily controlled and found in organs and blood vessels. - Skeletal muscle fibers contain striations and multiple nuclei. They contract through calcium release following neuronal stimulation. Contraction strength depends on motor unit recruitment and fiber tension. Cardiac muscle has a branching structure and contracts rhythmically through electrical stimulation. - Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus and contract through calcium sensitization in response to chemical or neural signals. Contraction allows organs to change shape and alter lumen size of vessels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    MUSCLE

    PHYSIOLOGY
    NURUL HAZLIANA BINTI HARUN
    P92693
    UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
    Learning Objective
    To explain on

    Type of muscle tissue

    Skeletal muscle physiology


    Structure, contraction, metabolism

    Smooth muscle physiology

    Cardiac muscle physiology


    Type of muscle
    Muscle Nucleus Striae Control Location Shape

    Skeletal Multinucleated Yes Voluntary Attached to bone Long &


    & peripheral cylinder

    Cardiac Uninucleated Yes Involuntary Wall of heart Branching


    & central

    Smooth Uninucleated No Involuntary Wall of hollow Spindle


    & central organs, vessel shape
    Structure of skeletal muscle
    Cross section of myofibril
    The functional unit of skeletal muscle is the sarcomere
    Thick filaments
    Myosin molecules

    A protein consists of two identical, golf club shaped


    subunits

    Consists of tail, hinges and heads


    Thin filaments
    Actin
    Spherical

    Contain myosin binding site

    Tropomyosin
    Threadlike proteins alongside
    the actin spiral

    Covers actin binding sites

    Troponin
    A protein complex made of
    three polypeptide units
    Contraction of skeletal muscle fiber
    1 ) Event at Neuromuscular Junction
    Contraction of skeletal muscle fiber
    2) Excitation contraction coupling
    Contraction of skeletal muscle fiber
    3) Relaxation
    Skeletal muscle metabolism
    Energy source for contraction
    Skeletal muscle mechanics
    The strength of whole-muscle contraction
    depends on:-
    1) the number of muscle fiber
    contracting

    Strength of contraction depends on


    motor units activated
    Motor unit recruitment

    Motor unit consist of motor neuron


    and all muscle fiber innervated by it
    2) The tension developed by each contracting fiber

    Factors influence the tension :

    i. Frequency of stimulation

    ii. Length of the fiber at the onset of contraction


    Twitch summation and tetanus
    Length tension relationship
    Optimal length (lo)
    Maximal tension developed
    Thin filament optimally overlap
    the regions of the thick filament
    Length > lo
    Thin filament pulled out from
    between thick filament,
    decreasing number of actin sites
    for cross bridge binding
    Length < lo
    Thin filaments from opposite sides
    overlapped, limit the binding of
    cross bridge and actin
    Cardiac muscle
    Found only in the heart

    Striated, single nucleus, branching network, involuntary


    control

    Have tropomyosin & troponin

    At the junction of fiber intercalated disc


    Functional synctium
    Cardiac muscle fiber contraction
    Length tension relationship
    Smooth muscle
    Spindle shaped cell, single
    nucleus, involuntary control,
    unstriated

    Thin actin filament contain


    tropomyosin, no troponin
    Smooth muscle
    1) Single-unit 2) Multiunit
    Myogenic Neurogenic
    Cells are connected by Contract as individual
    gap junction cell
    Muscle cells contract Located in the walls of
    as single unit blood vessels, the iris
    Found in the walls of of the eye
    hollow organs in
    digestive,
    reproductive, urinary
    tract
    Smooth muscle contraction
    Length tension relationship
    Thank You

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