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    Ch3. ZigBee

    Uploaded by

    Birhanu Abera
    ZigBee is a wireless standard for low-power networks designed for control and sensor applications. It operates on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard using personal area networks. ZigBee has advantages over Bluetooth like longer battery life, larger networks, and simpler protocol design, making it suited for applications like home automation and industrial control through low data rate transmission. Key characteristics include low cost, low power consumption, scalability and reliability.

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    Ch3. ZigBee

    Uploaded by

    Birhanu Abera
    74 views26 pages
    ZigBee is a wireless standard for low-power networks designed for control and sensor applications. It operates on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard using personal area networks. ZigBee has advantages over Bluetooth like longer battery life, larger networks, and simpler protocol design, making it suited for applications like home automation and industrial control through low data rate transmission. Key characteristics include low cost, low power consumption, scalability and reliability.

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    about zigbee

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    ZigBee is a wireless standard for low-power networks designed for control and sensor applications. It operates on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard using personal area networks. ZigBee has advantages over Bluetooth like longer battery life, larger networks, and simpler protocol design, making it suited for applications like home automation and industrial control through low data rate transmission. Key characteristics include low cost, low power consumption, scalability and reliability.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    74 views26 pages

    Ch3. ZigBee

    Uploaded by

    Birhanu Abera
    ZigBee is a wireless standard for low-power networks designed for control and sensor applications. It operates on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard using personal area networks. ZigBee has advantages over Bluetooth like longer battery life, larger networks, and simpler protocol design, making it suited for applications like home automation and industrial control through low data rate transmission. Key characteristics include low cost, low power consumption, scalability and reliability.

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    ZigBee

    Content
    • Introduction
    – History
    – ZigBee Alliance
    – Characteristics
    – Security
    – Applications
    • ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4
    – IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer
    – IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer
    • ZigBee Network Topologies
    • ZigBee and Bluetooth Comparison
    Introduction
    • ZigBee is a technological standard
    designed for control and sensor networks

    • Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard

    • Created by the ZigBee Alliance


    Introduction
    • Operates in Personal Area Networks
    (PAN’s) and device-to-device networks

    • Connectivity between small packet


    devices

    • Control of lights, switches, thermostats,


    appliances, etc.
    History
    • Developement started 1998, when many
    enginereers realized that WiFi and
    Bluetooth were going to be unsuitable for
    many applications

    • IEEE 802.15.4 standard was completed in


    May 2003
    ZigBee Alliance
    • Organization defining global standards for
    reliable, cost‐effective, low power wireless
    applications

    • A consortium of end users and solution


    providers, primarily responsible for the
    development of the 802.15.4 standard

    • Developing applications and network capability


    utilizing the 802.15.4 packet delivery mechanism
    Characteristics
    • Low cost
    • Low power consumption
    • Low data rate
    • Relatively short transmission range
    • Scalability
    • Reliability
    • Flexible protocol design suitable for many
    applications
    Security
    • Encryption specified for MAC, Network
    and APS layers
    • Encryprion/Authentication mode
    CCM(CTR +CBC-MAC)
    – CTR is a counter based encryption mode
    – CBC-MAC provides data integrity
    • All security is based on 128bit key and
    AES-128 block encryption method
    Applications

    monitors TV VCR
    sensors DVD/CD
    INDUSTRIAL CONSUMER
    automation & ELECTRONIC
    Remote
    control COMMERCIAL S control

    monitors ZigBee mouse


    diagnostics PERSONAL LOW DATA-RATE PC & keyboard
    sensors HEALTH RADIO DEVICES PERIPHERAL
    S joystick
    CARE

    security
    consoles
    HVAC
    portables TOYS & HOME lighting
    educational GAMES AUTOMATION closures
    ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4

    Application Customer

    ZigBee Alliance
    API -“the software”
    Security -Network, Security & Application layers
    32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption ZigBee -Brand management
    Alliance IEEE 802.15.4
    Network -“the hardware”
    Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree -Physical & Media Access Control
    layers
    MAC
    IEEE
    PHY 802.15.4
    868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz
    IEEE 802.15.4
    • IEEE 802.15.4 Architecture

    ZigBee Application Framework


    Networking App Layer
    Data Link Controller (DLC)

    IEEE 802.2 LLC Other LLC

    IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

    IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4


    868/915 MHz 2400 MHz
    PHY PHY
    IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer
    • PHY functionalities:
    – Activation and deactivation of the radio
    transceiver
    – Energy detection within the current channel
    – Link quality indication for received packets
    – Clear channel assessment for CSMA-CA
    – Channel frequency selection
    – Data transmission and reception
    PHY frame structure
    • PHY packet fields
    – Preamble (32 bits) – synchronization
    – Start of packet delimiter (8 bits) – shall be
    formatted as “11100101”
    – PHY header (8 bits) –PSDU length
    – PSDU (0 to 127 bytes) – data field
    Sync Header PHY Header PHY Payload
    Start of Frame Reserve PHY Service
    Preamble Packet Length (1 bit)
    Delimiter Data Unit (PSDU)
    (7 bit)

    4 Octets 1 Octets 1 Octets


    0-127 Bytes
    Operating frequency bands
    • The standard specifies two PHYs :
    – 868 MHz/915 MHz direct sequence spread
    spectrum (DSSS) PHY (11 channels)
    • 1 channel (20Kb/s) in European 868MHz band
    • 10 channels (40Kb/s) in 915 (902-928)MHz ISM
    band
    868MHz/ Channel 0 Channels 1-10
    2 MHz
    915MHz
    PHY
    868.3 MHz 902 MHz 928 MHz
    Operating frequency bands
    – 2450 MHz direct sequence spread spectrum
    (DSSS) PHY (16 channels)
    • 16 channels (250Kb/s) in 2.4GHz band

    2.4 GHz
    PHY Channels 11-26 5 MHz

    2.4 GHz 2.4835 GHz


    IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer
    • Traffic Type
    – Periodic data
    • e.g. sensors
    – Intermittent data
    • e.g. light switch
    – Repetitive low latency data
    • e.g. mouse
    IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer
    • Device Classes
    – Full function device (FFD)
    • Can function in any topology
    • Capable of being Network coordinator
    • Can talk to any other device (FFD/RFD)
    – Reduced function device (RFD)
    • Limited to star topology
    • Cannot become network coordinator
    • Talks only to FFDs
    • Address
    – All devices must have 64 bit IEEE addresses
    – Short (16 bit) addresses can be allocated to reduce
    packet size
    IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer
    • Frame Types
    – Data Frame
    • used for all transfers of data
    – Beacon Frame
    • used by a coordinator to transmit beacons
    – Acknowledgment Frame
    • used for confirming successful frame reception
    – MAC Command Frame
    • used for handling all MAC peer entity control
    transfers
    IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer
    • Transmission Mode
    – Slotted (Beacon enable mode )
    • Periodic data and Repetitive low latency data using.
    – Un-slotted (Non-Beacon enable mode)
    • Intermittent data using.
    ZigBee Network Topologies

    Mesh

    Star

    Cluster Tree PAN coordinator


    Full Function Device
    Reduced Function Device
    ZigBee Network Topologies
    • Star Topology
    – Advantage
    • Easy to synchronize
    • Low latency

    – Disadvantage
    • Small scale
    ZigBee Network Topologies
    • Mesh Topology
    – Advantage
    • Robust multihop communication
    • Network is more flexible
    • Lower latency
    – Disadvantage
    • Route discovery is costly
    • Needs storage for routing table
    ZigBee Network Topologies
    • Cluster Tree
    – Advantage
    • Low routing cost
    • Allow multihop communication
    – Disadvantage
    • Route reconstruction is costly
    • Latency may be quite long
    ZigBee and Bluetooth Comparison
    • Optimized for different applications
    – ZigBee
    • Smaller packets over large network
    • Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices
    • Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc.
    – Bluetooth
    • Larger packets over small network
    • Ad‐hoc networks
    • File transfer
    • Screen graphics, pictures, handsfree audio, Mobile phones,
    headsets, PDAs, etc.
    ZigBee and Bluetooth Comparison
    Feature(s) Bluetooth ZigBee
    Power Profile days years
    Complexity complex Simple
    Nodes/Master 7 64000
    Latency 10 seconds 30 ms – 1s
    Range 10m 70m ~ 300m
    Extendibility no Yes
    Data Rate 1 Mbps 250 Kbps
    Security 64bit, 128bit 128bit AES and
    Application Layer
    ZigBee and Bluetooth Comparison

    TEXT GRAPHICS INTERNET HI-FI STREAMING DIGITAL MULTI-CHANNEL


    AUDIO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO
    >LONG

    802.11b LAN
    RANGE

    802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g


    802.15.4
    ZigBee 802.15.1
    <

    Bluetooth 2
    PAN
    SHORT

    802.15.1
    Bluetooth1

    LOW < DATA RATE > HIGH

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