On Surface Areas

9.
4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference

Perimeter of a Polygon
The perimeter of any polygon is the sum of the measures of
the line segments that form its sides. Perimeter is measured in
linear units.
Perimeter of a Triangle
a b
c
The perimeter P of a triangle with sides of lengths a, b, and c
is given by the formula:
P = a + b + c.
9.4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference
Perimeter of a Rectangle w
l
The perimeter P of a rectangle with length l and width w is given by the

formula:
P = 2l + 2w or P = 2(l + w).
s
Perimeter of a Square s
The perimeter P of a square with all sides of length s is given by the

formula:
P = 4s.
Area of a Polygon
The amount of plane surface covered by a polygon is called its
area. Area is measured in square units.
l
Area of a Rectangle w
The area A of a rectangle with length l and width w is given by

the formula: A = l w.
s
Area of a Square s
The area A of a square with all sides of length s is given by the

formula:
P = s2.
h
Area of a Parallelogram
b
The area A of a parallelogram with height h and base b is

given by the formula: A = bh.
b1
Area of a Trapezoid h
b2
The area A of a trapezoid with parallel bases b1 and b2 and

height h is given by the formula:
A = (1/2) h (b1 + b2)
Area of a Triangle h
b
The area A of a triangle with base b and height h is given by
the formula:
A = (1/2) b h
Find the perimeter and area of the rectangle.
15 ft
Perimeter P = 2l + 2w 2(15) + 2(7) 7 ft
P = 44 ft
Area A = lw A = (15)(7) A = 105 ft2
Find the area of the trapezoid. 7 cm.

A = (1/2) h (b1 + b2) 6 cm. 5 cm. 6 cm.
A = (1/2) (5) (7 + 13)
13 cm.
A = (1/2) (5) (20)
A = 50 cm2
Find the area of the shaded region.
Area of square – Area of triangle 4 in.
s2 – (1/2) b h 4 in.
42 – (1/2) (4)(4)
16 – 8
8 in2
Circumference and Area of a Circle
d r
The circumference C of a circle of diameter d is given by the

formula: C   d , or C  2 r , where r is a radius.
The area A of a circle with radius r is given by the formula:

A r .2
Find the area and circumference of a circle with a radius that is 6 inches
long (use 3.14 as an approximation for ).
Circumference (  3.14) Circumference ()
C=2r C=2r
C = 2 (3.14) 6 C=26
C = 37.68 in C = 37.699 in
Area (  3.14) Area ()

A =  r2 A =  r2
A = (3.14) 62 A =  62
A = 113.04 in2 A = 113.097 in2
9.5 – Space Figures, Volume, and Surface Area
Space figures: Figures requiring three dimensions to
represent the figure.
Polyhedra: Three dimensional figures whose faces are made
only of polygons.
Regular Polyhedra: A polyhedra whose faces are made only
of regular polygons (all sides are equal and all angles are
equal.
9-410
Other Polyhedra
Pyramids are made of triangular sides and a polygonal base.
Prisms have two faces in parallel planes; these faces are
congruent polygons.
Other Space Figures
Right Circular Cones have a circle as a base and the surface
tapers to a point directly above the center of the base.
Right Circular Cylinders have two circles as bases, parallel
to each other and whose centers are directly above each other.
Volume and Surface Area
Volume is a measure of capacity of a space figure. It is
always measured in cubic units.
Surface Area is the total region bound by two dimensions. It
is always measured in square units.
Volume and Surface Area of a Rectangular solid (box)
The volume V and surface area S of a box with length l, width
w, and height h is given by the formulas:
V = lwh
h
and
w S = 2lw + 2lh + 2hw
l
Find the volume and surface area of the box below.
3 in.
7 in. 2 in.
V = 7(2)(3) S = 2(7)(2) + 2(7)(3) + 2(3)(2)

V = 42 in.3 S = 28 + 42 + 12
S = 82 in.2
9-414
Volume and Surface Area of a Cube
The volume V and surface area S of a cube with side lengths of
s are given by the formulas:
V = s3
s and
s
s S = 6s2
Find the volume and surface area of the cube below.
V = 53 S = 6(5)2
V = 125 ft.3 S = 625
5 ft. S = 150 ft.2
Volume of Surface Area of a Right Circular Cylinder
The volume V and surface area S of a right circular cylinder
with base radius r and height h are given by the formulas:
V = r2h
h and
r S = 2rh + 2r2
Find the volume and surface area of the cylinder below.
V = (2)2(10) S = 2(2)(10) + 2(2)2
10 m V = 40 S = 40 + 8 = 48
2m
V = 125.6 m3 S = 150.72 m2
Volume of Surface Area of a Sphere
The volume V and surface area S of a sphere radius r are given
by the formulas:
V = (4/3) r3
r
and
S = 4  r2
Find the volume and surface area of the sphere below.
V = (4/3)(9)3 S = 4 (9)2
9 in. V = 972 S = 324
V = 3052.08 in.3 S = 1017.36 in.2
Volume of Surface Area of a Right Circular Cone
The volume V and surface area S of a right circular cone with
base radius r and height h are given by the formulas:
Find the volume and surface area of the cone below.
h=4m V = (1/3)(3)2(4)
r=3m V = 12
V = 37.68 m3
S = 15 + 9
S = 24
S = 75.36 m2
Volume of a Pyramid
The volume V of a pyramid with height h and
base of area B is given by the formula:
Note: B represents the area of the base (l w).
Find the volume of the pyramid (rectangular base) below.
7 cm
3 cm
6 cm cm3

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9.

4 – Perimeter, Area, and Circumference

The perimeter P of a rectangle with length l and width w is given by the

The perimeter P of a square with all sides of length s is given by the

The area A of a rectangle with length l and width w is given by

The area A of a square with all sides of length s is given by the

The area A of a parallelogram with height h and base b is

The area A of a trapezoid with parallel bases b1 and b2 and

Area A = lw A = (15)(7) A = 105 ft2

Find the area of the trapezoid. 7 cm.

The circumference C of a circle of diameter d is given by the

The area A of a circle with radius r is given by the formula:

Area (  3.14) Area ()

V = 7(2)(3) S = 2(7)(2) + 2(7)(3) + 2(3)(2)

Note: B represents the area of the base (l w).

Find the volume of the pyramid (rectangular base) below.

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