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    Respiratory Acidosis: Prepared By: Riezel Umaming Kathleen Testado Hazel Alarilla

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    DareRaymond
    Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide from the body, causing blood pH to fall below normal levels. It can be acute or chronic. Risk factors include COPD, asthma, sleep apnea, and obesity. Symptoms include dyspnea, headache, and confusion. Diagnosis involves blood gas and electrolyte tests. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause through bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, or mechanical ventilation if severe. Nursing care monitors for changes and maintains hydration and airway clearance.

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    Respiratory Acidosis: Prepared By: Riezel Umaming Kathleen Testado Hazel Alarilla

    Uploaded by

    DareRaymond
    460 views16 pages
    Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide from the body, causing blood pH to fall below normal levels. It can be acute or chronic. Risk factors include COPD, asthma, sleep apnea, and obesity. Symptoms include dyspnea, headache, and confusion. Diagnosis involves blood gas and electrolyte tests. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause through bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, or mechanical ventilation if severe. Nursing care monitors for changes and maintains hydration and airway clearance.

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    Respiratory acidosis

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    12 Respiratory Acidosis

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    Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide from the body, causing blood pH to fall below normal levels. It can be acute or chronic. Risk factors include COPD, asthma, sleep apnea, and obesity. Symptoms include dyspnea, headache, and confusion. Diagnosis involves blood gas and electrolyte tests. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause through bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, or mechanical ventilation if severe. Nursing care monitors for changes and maintains hydration and airway clearance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    460 views16 pages

    Respiratory Acidosis: Prepared By: Riezel Umaming Kathleen Testado Hazel Alarilla

    Uploaded by

    DareRaymond
    Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide from the body, causing blood pH to fall below normal levels. It can be acute or chronic. Risk factors include COPD, asthma, sleep apnea, and obesity. Symptoms include dyspnea, headache, and confusion. Diagnosis involves blood gas and electrolyte tests. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause through bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, or mechanical ventilation if severe. Nursing care monitors for changes and maintains hydration and airway clearance.

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    RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

    Prepared By:
    Riezel Umaming
    Kathleen Testado
    Hazel Alarilla
    Contents

     Definition
     Risk Factors
     Causes
     Signs and Symptoms
     Pathophysiology
     Diagnostic Tests
     Treatment
     Nursing Interventions
     Prevention
    What is Respiratory Acidosis?
     Respiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when the
    lungs can’t remove enough of the carbon dioxide (CO2)
    produced by the body.

     Excess CO2 causes the pH of blood and other bodily


    fluids to decrease, making them too acidic. Normally, the
    body is able to balance the ions that control acidity.

    This balance is measured on a pH scale from 0 to 14.


    Acidosis occurs when the pH of the blood falls below
    7.35.
    (normal blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45)
    Types of Respiratory Acidosis
    There are two types of respiratory acidosis:

    1.Acute respiratory acidosis the PaCO2 is elevated above


    the upper limit of the reference range (ie, >45 mm Hg) with
    an accompanying acidemia (ie, pH < 7.35. Occurs when an
    abrupt failure of ventilation occurs.

    2.Chronic respiratory acidosis the PaCO2 is elevated


    above the upper limit of the reference range, with a normal
    pH (7.35-7.45) or near-normal secondary to renal
    compensation and an elevated serum bicarbonate levels (ie,
    >30 mEq/L).
    Risk Factors

     Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease


     Asthma
     Sleep apnea
     Pneumonia
     Stroke
     Obesity
    Causes
     Chronic obstructive respiratory
    disorders: emphysema, chronic
    bronchitis
     Chest wall trauma
     Pulmonary edema
     Atelectasis
     Pneumothorax
     Drug Overdose
     Pneumonia
     Guillain-Barre syndrome
    Signs and Symptoms
     CNS disturbances:
    restlessness, confusion, and
    apprehension to somnolence
    with fine flapping tremor, or
    coma.
     Headache
     Dyspnea
     Tachypnea
     Decrease in blood pressure
     Mental cloudiness and
    feeling of fullness in head
     Weakness
    Pathophysiology
    Non-modifiable Modifiable
    -Gender - Lung Disorders
    -Heredity -Sleep Disordered Breathing
    -Age -Overdose of Drugs
    -Diseases of the
    nerves/muscles of the chest

    Hypoventilation

    Excess CO2 production

    Decreased pH level (<7.35)

    Increased PaCO2 level (>44mmHg)


    Diagnostic Tests
     Blood gas measurement
    Blood gas is a series of tests used to measure
    oxygen and CO2 in the blood. A healthcare
    provider will take a sample of blood from your
    artery. High levels of CO2 can indicate acidosis.
     Electrolytes
    Electrolyte testing is a group of tests that
    measure levels of Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium),
    Cl- (chloride), and bicarbonate. One or more of
    the electrolytes will be increased or decreased
    in people with acid-base disorders such as
    respiratory acidosis.
     Lung function tests
    Spirometry is the most common lung function test.
    It measures how much and how quickly you can
    move air out of your lungs. Many people with
    this condition have reduced lung function.
    Continuation…
     Chest X-ray
    X-rays can help doctors see injuries or other problems likely to
    cause acidosis.

     Other tests
    Based on these tests, your doctor may also perform other tests
    to help diagnose the underlying condition that’s causing the
    acidosis. (Another condition, known as metabolic acidosis, may
    cause similar symptoms, and the doctor may order tests to be
    sure the problem is solely respiratory. These tests measure the
    amount of acid in your body, which may be caused by kidney
    failure, diabetes, or other conditions, and include glucose,
    lactate, and ketones.) Other tests include drug testing, a
    complete blood count (CBC), and a urinalysis (urine test).
    Treatment
     Bronchodilators: such as beta agonists (eg, albuterol and
    salmeterol), anticholinergic agents (eg, ipratropium bromide and
    tiotropium), and methylxanthines (eg, theophylline) are helpful in
    treating patients with obstructive airway disease and severe
    bronchospasm. Theophylline may improve diaphragm muscle
    contractility and may stimulate the respiratory center.

     Oxygen Therapy - Oxygen therapy is employed to prevent the


    sequela of long-standing hypoxemia.
    Patients with COPD who meet the criteria for oxygen therapy
    have been shown to have decreased mortality when treated
    with continuous oxygen therapy.
    Continuation…
     Ventilatory Support – Therapeutic measures that may be
    lifesaving in severe hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis
    include endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation
    (invasive) and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)
    delivered through a non invasive interface(face mask, nasal
    mask or nasal plugs) techniques such as Continuous positive-
    airway pressure ventilation (CPAP) and Bi-level positive airway
    pressure ventilation (BPAP)
    Endotracheal Intubation w/ Mechanical Ventilation Non invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)
    Nursing Interventions
     Remain alert for critical changes in patient’s respiratory, CNS
    and cardiovascular functions. Report such changes as well as
    any variations in ABG values or electrolyte status immediately.
     Maintain adequate hydration.
     Maintain patent airway and provide humidification if acidosis
    requires mechanical ventilation. Perform tracheal suctioning
    frequently and vigorous chest physiotherapy, if ordered.
     Institute safety measures and assist patient with positioning.

     Continuously monitor arterial blood gases.


    Prevention
     Do not smoke. Smoking leads to the development of many
    severe lung diseases that can cause respiratory acidosis.

     Losing weight may help prevent respiratory acidosis due to


    obesity (obesity-hypoventilation syndrome).

     Be careful about taking sedating medicines, and never


    combine these medicines with alcohol.

     Use your CPAP device regularly if it's been prescribed for you
    END

    hazel

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