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    Volcanic Facies

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    ryannusantara
    The document discusses volcanic facies, which are groupings of rock bodies deposited during a specific period of geologic time that share lithological and paleontological characteristics. Volcanic facies are typically named based on their proximity to the volcanic source and depositional environment. The document then describes the central, proximal, medial, and distal volcanic facies observed on subaerial stratovolcanoes, and provides examples of the rock types found in each facies. Physical analysis shows that roundness, sphericity, and skewness of deposits increase with distance from the volcanic center. The various volcanic facies also pose different levels and types of volcanic hazards.

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    Volcanic Facies

    Uploaded by

    ryannusantara
    83 views28 pages
    The document discusses volcanic facies, which are groupings of rock bodies deposited during a specific period of geologic time that share lithological and paleontological characteristics. Volcanic facies are typically named based on their proximity to the volcanic source and depositional environment. The document then describes the central, proximal, medial, and distal volcanic facies observed on subaerial stratovolcanoes, and provides examples of the rock types found in each facies. Physical analysis shows that roundness, sphericity, and skewness of deposits increase with distance from the volcanic center. The various volcanic facies also pose different levels and types of volcanic hazards.

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    The document discusses volcanic facies, which are groupings of rock bodies deposited during a specific period of geologic time that share lithological and paleontological characteristics. Volcanic facies are typically named based on their proximity to the volcanic source and depositional environment. The document then describes the central, proximal, medial, and distal volcanic facies observed on subaerial stratovolcanoes, and provides examples of the rock types found in each facies. Physical analysis shows that roundness, sphericity, and skewness of deposits increase with distance from the volcanic center. The various volcanic facies also pose different levels and types of volcanic hazards.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    83 views28 pages

    Volcanic Facies

    Uploaded by

    ryannusantara
    The document discusses volcanic facies, which are groupings of rock bodies deposited during a specific period of geologic time that share lithological and paleontological characteristics. Volcanic facies are typically named based on their proximity to the volcanic source and depositional environment. The document then describes the central, proximal, medial, and distal volcanic facies observed on subaerial stratovolcanoes, and provides examples of the rock types found in each facies. Physical analysis shows that roundness, sphericity, and skewness of deposits increase with distance from the volcanic center. The various volcanic facies also pose different levels and types of volcanic hazards.

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    Syahrul Kamil

     Terminology
     Type of Volcanic Facies
     Identification of Volcanic Facies
     Aplications of Volcanic Facies
     McPhie (1993): Lateral and/or vertical
    changes in physical aspects of rock bodies
    deposited within a specific interval of
    geologic time.
     Schieferdecker (1959): the sum of the
    lithological and paleontological characters
    exhibit by a deposit at a particular point.
     Bronto (2006): sejumlah ciri litologi batuan
    gunung api dalam kesamaan waktu pada
    suatu lokasi tertentu.
    Volcanic Facies are usually named according
    to:
     Closeness to source: central, proximal,
    medial and distal.
     Depositionalenvironment:
    subaerial, shallow subaqueous, subglacial,
    etc.
     Withindeposit type:
    pyroclastic flow facies, hyalotuff facies,
    dome facies, etc.
    Volcanic facies on subaerial stratovolcano
    divided into Bogie and McKenzie (1998):
     Central
     Proximal
     Medial
     Distal
     Geomorphological Analyses
     Volcanostratigraphy
     Physical Volcanology
     Structural Geology
     Petrology and Geochemistry
     Volcanic Summit = Central
     Volcanic Upper Slope = Proximal
     Volcanic Foot Slope = Medial
     Volcanic Plain = Distal
    Semeru

    Muria

    Bongkok
     Central
    Siliceous Dome, Vent breccia, agglomerate, intrusive,
    etc.
     Proximal
    Lava, tuff breccia, lapili tuff, pyroclastic flows, etc
     Medial
    Lahar and tuff
     Distal
    Lacustrine siltstone, conglomerate, interbeded
    sandstone and siltstone (volcaniclastic and
    volcanogenic sedimentary rocks)
     Physical volcanology also known as
    sedimentology analysis.
     Roundnessfrom Central to Distal
    Very Angular – Well Rounded
     Sphericity
    from Central to Distal
    Very Elongate – Very Equent
     Skewnessfrom Central to Distal
    Strongly coarse skewed – strongly fine
    skewed
    Sampel Roundness Power and Wadell Classification (1953)

    KP-32
    0.169 Very angular
    ROUNDNESS
    0.177 Angular

    0.248 Angular
    KP-30
    0.293 Subangular

    0.343 Subangular
    KP-19
    0.413 Subrounded

    0.417 Subrounded
    KP-4
    0.521 Rounded

    0.61 Rounded
    KP-1
    0.718 Well rounded

    0.8

    0.7

    0.6

    0.5

    0.4
    Roundness
    0.3

    0.2

    0.1

    0
    KP-32 KP-30 KP-19 KP-4 KP-1
    SPHERICITY
    Sampel Sphericity Folk Classification (1968)
    0.596 very elongate
    KP-32
    0.620 Elongate
    0.629 Elongate
    KP-30
    0.635 Subelongate
    0.658 intermediate shape
    KP-19
    0.663 subequent
    0.719 subequent
    KP-4
    0.724 equent
    0.749 equent
    KP-1
    0.752 very equent

    0.8

    0.7

    0.6

    0.5

    0.4
    Sphericity
    0.3

    0.2

    0.1

    0
    KP-32 KP-30 KP-19 KP-4 KP-1
    SKEWNESS
    Sample Skewness (Sk) Folk and Ward Classification (1957)

    KP-32 -0.11 coarse skewed

    KP-30 0.002 near symetrical

    KP-19 0.04 near symetrical

    KP-4 0.22 fine skewed

    KP-1 1.96 strongly fine skewed

    2.5

    1.5

    1 Skewness (Sk)

    0.5

    0
    KP-32 KP-30 KP-19 KP-4 KP-1

    -0.5
     Measuring strike/dip and slope also known as
    initial dips also can used to identification the
    volcanic facies.
     Central = 35o – 40o
     Proximal = 32o – 35o
     Medial = 11 – 32o
     Distal = 0o – 11o
    Refers to the viewpoint of volcanology,
    intrusive and extrusive rocks are an
    integral process that occurs in
    location and relatively the same age.

    Therefore the petrological-geochemical of


    extrusive and intrusive rocks can
    considered derived from the same magma
    with same affinity (co-magmatic
    or coherent).
     Mineralization
     Environment
     Hazard and Mitigation
     Volcanic Center Concept for Gold
    Exploration Strategy, Bronto & Hartono,
    2003.
     Interaction between acid gases, metallic
    elements, and the heat sources from magma
    with meteoric water in the volcanic conduit
    forming hydrothermal fluids that ultimately
    results in alteration and mineralization
     Almost all of gold minings are in central
    facies.
     Central and Proximal as a recharge zone

     Medial and Distal as a discharge zone


    Volcanic Facies Central Proximal Medial Distal

    Direct blast Yes Yes Sometime No

    Lava flows Yes Yes Sometime No

    Nuee ardente Yes Yes Yes Sometime

    Toxic gases Yes Sometime No No

    Ash rain Yes Yes Yes Yes

    Lahar No No Sometime Yes

    Tsunami No No No Yes

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