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    University of Dar Es Salaam Aids Jaddie

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    ISRAEL
    1. The document discusses HIV/AIDS, noting that it is a retroviral disease caused by HIV that leads to immunosuppression. 2. It provides background on the origins of HIV, believed to have crossed from chimpanzees to humans in central Africa in the early 20th century. 3. The major modes of HIV transmission are listed as sexual contact, parenteral inoculation, and mother-to-child. Clinical features include opportunistic infections and weight loss. Treatment focuses on prevention through abstinence, faithfulness, and condom use while a cure is not known.

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    University of Dar Es Salaam Aids Jaddie

    Uploaded by

    ISRAEL
    44 views18 pages
    1. The document discusses HIV/AIDS, noting that it is a retroviral disease caused by HIV that leads to immunosuppression. 2. It provides background on the origins of HIV, believed to have crossed from chimpanzees to humans in central Africa in the early 20th century. 3. The major modes of HIV transmission are listed as sexual contact, parenteral inoculation, and mother-to-child. Clinical features include opportunistic infections and weight loss. Treatment focuses on prevention through abstinence, faithfulness, and condom use while a cure is not known.

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    AIDS

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    1. The document discusses HIV/AIDS, noting that it is a retroviral disease caused by HIV that leads to immunosuppression. 2. It provides background on the origins of HIV, believed to have crossed from chimpanzees to humans in central Africa in the early 20th century. 3. The major modes of HIV transmission are listed as sexual contact, parenteral inoculation, and mother-to-child. Clinical features include opportunistic infections and weight loss. Treatment focuses on prevention through abstinence, faithfulness, and condom use while a cure is not known.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views18 pages

    University of Dar Es Salaam Aids Jaddie

    Uploaded by

    ISRAEL
    1. The document discusses HIV/AIDS, noting that it is a retroviral disease caused by HIV that leads to immunosuppression. 2. It provides background on the origins of HIV, believed to have crossed from chimpanzees to humans in central Africa in the early 20th century. 3. The major modes of HIV transmission are listed as sexual contact, parenteral inoculation, and mother-to-child. Clinical features include opportunistic infections and weight loss. Treatment focuses on prevention through abstinence, faithfulness, and condom use while a cure is not known.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

    “No pit holes, everybody counts”


    WORLD AIDS DAY-1ST DEC 2017
    Presenter: JADDI, HAJI M.
    Introduction
    • AIDS is a retroviral disease
    • Caused by the Human Immune Virus (HIV)
    • Characterised by profound
    Immunosuppression
    • Opportunistic infections,
    • Secondary neoplasms, and
    • Neurological manifestations
    Introduction
    • Truly staggering epidemic
    • HIV-1 and HIV-2
    • HIV-1 global and HIV-2 discovered in West
    Africa and found principally in West Africa
    • HIV-2 more virulent, faster progression and
    associated with greater morbidity
    Background of HIV/AIDS……….
    • It is widely believed that HIV originated in
    Kinshasa , in Republic of Congo around 1920
    when HIV crossed species from chimpanzee to
    human during meat trading in the heavy rain
    forests of central and western Africa.
    HIV/AIDS hypothesises
    • There are two main and sounding hypothesises
    1. HIV/AIDS hypothesis this postulates that “ a new
    infectious epidemic of Immune deficiency syndrome
    (AIDS) is the result of infection by an exogenous
    retrovirus called Human Immune Virus.
    The postulates also stated that;
    • HIV is sexually transmitted via semen.
    • There is destruction of CD4+ which the hallmark of
    AIDS
    • Increased cytotoxic CD8 LYMPHOCYTES which destruct
    cell mediated immunity
    HIV/AIDS hypothesises………….
    2.Chemical AIDS hypothesis this proposes that
    AIDS epidemics of United States and Europe are
    caused by recreational drugs, alias, life style and
    anti-HIV drugs.
    Routes of spread
    • Sexual Contact – 75%
    • Parental Inoculation – intravenous drug
    abusers and recipients of blood and blood
    products.
    • Passage of virus from Infected mothers to
    children through the placenta or through
    breast milk.
    Clinical Features

    • Terminal phase of HIV infection is known as


    AIDS.
    • Opportunistic Infections – fungal, bacterial,
    viral, neoplasms
    Major Signs
    • Weight loss >10% of body weight
    • Chronic diarrhoea >1 month
    • Prolonged fever >1 month (int or perm)
    Minor Signs
    • Persistent cough >1 month
    • Generalised pruritic dermatitis
    • Recurrent herpes zoster
    • Oro-pharyngeal candidiasis
    • Chronic progressive and disseminated herpes simplex
    infection
    • Generalised lymphadenopathy
    End stage AIDS patient
    Treatment
    • No cure known, prevention.
    • ABC Abstinence, faithfulness and Condom use.
    Prevention
    • Abstinence
    • Sexually active: stick to one sexual partner.
    • Condom use
    Why HIV?????
    • Since its description in 1980s HIV/AIDS has
    become one of the most devastating
    epidemics in human history.
    • Millions of new infections occur every year
    predominantly in resources poor settings
    where access to diagnosis and treatment of
    HIV remain inadequate hence causing more
    loss of human resources
    Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
    • According to 2016 united Nations joint
    program for HIV/AIDS 36.7million of world`s
    population were living with HIV or AIDS,
    roughly half of them were man and more than
    2million were children
    • In Tanzania 4.7% of adult population by 2016
    were living with HIV or AIDS, With lowest
    prevalence of 0.2% in Zanzibar and highest
    prevalence of 15.4% in Njombe.
    Goals of WHO&MOH
    • WHO under UN umbrella had 2015 millennium
    development goals (MDGs) number 6 that aimed
    at combating HIV/AIDS by 2015.
    • Also WHO under UNAIDS has 90-90-90 ambitious
    treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic,
    at which by 2020 90% of people diagnosed with
    HIV will receive sustained antiretroviral therapy
    will know their HIV status.
    Goals of WHO&MOH……….
    • MOH has a special agent called TACAIDS that
    deals with AIDS combating movements,
    funding the movements and making platforms
    to achieve zero HIV infection in the country.
    conclusion
    • Education to patients and care givers on
    adherence to drugs to decrease resistance
    • Education to minimize stigma
    • More research for determination of proper
    treatment
    “No pit holes, everyone counts”
    Reference texts
    • National health policy of Tanzania
    • Pathology basis of diseases Contran, Kumar et
    ol
    • Tacaids.go.tz
    • Medical microbiology,
    Jawetz,Menelick&Aldeberg

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