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    Population and Sample in The Research

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    acing
    A population is the total group being studied, while a sample is a subset of the population that is selected for measurement. It is important for the sample to adequately represent the overall population in order to minimize biases. Typically samples are used because populations are too large to survey entirely. Samples can be selected through probability or non-probability sampling methods.

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    Population and Sample in The Research

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    acing
    3K views16 pages
    A population is the total group being studied, while a sample is a subset of the population that is selected for measurement. It is important for the sample to adequately represent the overall population in order to minimize biases. Typically samples are used because populations are too large to survey entirely. Samples can be selected through probability or non-probability sampling methods.

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    Definition of the population and sample and how to concept it in writing the research

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    Population and Sample in the Research

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    A population is the total group being studied, while a sample is a subset of the population that is selected for measurement. It is important for the sample to adequately represent the overall population in order to minimize biases. Typically samples are used because populations are too large to survey entirely. Samples can be selected through probability or non-probability sampling methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3K views16 pages

    Population and Sample in The Research

    Uploaded by

    acing
    A population is the total group being studied, while a sample is a subset of the population that is selected for measurement. It is important for the sample to adequately represent the overall population in order to minimize biases. Typically samples are used because populations are too large to survey entirely. Samples can be selected through probability or non-probability sampling methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that a population is the total group being studied, while a sample is the subset selected from the population to make observations about. Factors like population size, resources, and number of analyses determine an appropriate sample size. There are probability/representative sampling methods like random, systematic, and stratified sampling as well as non-probability methods like quota, purposive, convenience, and snowball sampling.

    A population is the total number of individuals/items in a group, while a sample is the subset selected from the population for observation and analysis. The sample is intended to be representative of the overall population.

    Factors that should be considered when determining an appropriate sample size include the population size, available resources like time and money, the strength of the effect being measured, potential refusal or spoilage rates, and the number of analyses to be performed on the data.

    POPULATION AND SAMPLE

    Population is the area in which you are trying to get


    information from.

    A population is a group of individuals persons,


    objects, or items from which samples are taken for
    measurement for example a population of presidents
    or professors, books or students.

    Sample is a section of your population that you are


    actually going to do a research.

    It is important to have a sample that will


    represent your entire population in order to
    minimize biases.
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE

    Difference:
    Population is the total # of things, while sample is
    the # of things that you gather data on.

    If you pick the right sample size, you can be pretty


    confident that the results of the sample data is
    the same as the results of the entire population.
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE

    Usually, the population is too large for the


    researcher to attempt to survey all of its
    members.

    A small, but carefully chosen sample can be


    used to represent the population. The sample
    reflects the characteristics of the population
    from which it is drawn.
    Population and Sample (example)

    1. Population : English students at school


    2. Target population : English students in Jakarta

    3. Accessible Population : English students at SMA 2


    Jakarta
    4. Sample : English students at class
    A1 and A2, SMA 2
    Jakarta
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE

    Consideration in Taking Sample:


    1. Research problem
    2. Objective
    3. Hypothesis
    4. Method
    5. Instrument
    6. Time, energy, personal, and fund
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE

    Sampling: Sample size


    Appropriate sample size depends on

    1. Population size
    2. Available resources (time, money)
    3. Strength of effect being measured
    4. Refusal and spoilage rates
    5. Number of analyses to be performed
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE
    Sampling methods:
    * Probability (Representative)
    * Non probability

    In probability samples, each member of the


    population has a known non-zero probability of being
    selected.

    Probability methods include:


    1. Random sampling,
    2. Systematic sampling
    3. Stratified sampling.
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE

    In nonprobability sampling, members


    are selected from the population in
    some nonrandom manner.
    These include:
    1. Convenience sampling,
    2. Judgment/Purposive sampling
    3. Quota sampling,
    4. Snowball sampling.
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE
    (Probability or Representative)
    Random sampling

    Random sampling is the purest form of probability


    sampling. Each member of the population has an
    equal and known chance of being selected.

    When there are very large populations, it is often


    difficult or impossible to identify every member of
    the population, so the pool of available subjects
    becomes biased.
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE
    (Probability or Representative)
    Systematic sampling

    Systematic sampling is often used instead of random


    sampling. It is also called an Nth name selection
    technique.

    After the required sample size has been calculated,


    every Nth record is selected from a list of population
    members.
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE
    (Probability or Representative)

    A stratified sample

    A stratified sample is a mini-reproduction of the


    population. Before sampling, the population is divided
    into characteristics of importance for the research.
    For example, by gender, social class, education level,
    religion, etc. Then the population is randomly sampled
    within each category or stratum.
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE
    (Probability or Representative)

    Type of Stratified Sample


    POPULATION AND SAMPLE
    (Nonprobability)

    Quota sample

    The defining characteristic of a quota


    sample is that the researcher deliberately
    sets the proportions of levels or strata
    within the sample.
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE
    (Nonprobability)

    Purposive sample

    This sample is constructed to serve a very specific


    need or purpose. A researcher may have a specific
    group in mind, such as school principals from well
    known schools in Aceh.
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE
    (Nonprobability)

    Convenience sample

    A convenience sample is a matter of taking what you


    can get. It is an accidental sample. It probably is not
    random. Volunteers would constitute a convenience
    sample.
    POPULATION AND SAMPLE
    (Nonprobability)

    Snowball sampling

    It is a special nonprobability method used when


    the desired sample characteristic is rare.
    Snowball sampling relies on referrals from initial
    subjects to generate additional subjects.

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