Buckling of Columns: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I

LECTURE 28
Buckling of Columns
ES 13 Mechanics of
Deformable Bodies I
Prominent
? structural
element?
ES 13 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 2

Critical Load
Columns
Long, slender members subjected to an axial compressive force.
Very critical member of a structure.
Buckling
Lateral or sidesway deflection due to large
compressive loadings.
Can lead to sudden and dramatic failures of
structures.
UNSTABLE!!
Critical Load
Disturb the system by displacing
the pin by a small amount Δ
Disturbing Force = Restoring Force
𝐿
2𝑃 tan 𝜃 = 𝑘 tan 𝜃
2
𝑘𝐿
𝑃= Critical Load
4
Neutral Equilibrium!
𝑘𝐿 Stable With any disturbance Δ, the system will return to the
𝑃< Equilibrium vertical position to achieve equilibrium.
4
𝑘𝐿 Unstable The system will move to the deflected position Δ to
𝑃> Equilibrium achieve equilibrium.
4
Ideal Column with Pin Supports
Ideal Column Elastic Buckling
 Perfectly straight  Behavior is linear-elastic
only
 Homogeneous
 Column buckles in a single
 Loaded through the plane/about a single axis
centroid
𝑑2 𝑣 𝑀 𝑃𝑣
2
= =−
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
𝑑2 𝑣 𝑃𝑣
2
+ =0
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼
2nd-order differential equation!

𝑑2 𝑣 𝑃𝑣
+ =0 Solution: 𝑃 𝑃
2 𝑣 = 𝐶1 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶2 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
Applying boundary conditions, 𝒗(𝟎) = 𝟎 and 𝒗 𝑳 = 𝟎,
𝑃
𝐶2 = 0 𝐶1 sin 𝐿 =0
𝐸𝐼
Nontrivial solution:
𝑃 𝑃 𝑛2 𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
sin 𝐿 =0 𝐿 = 𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 = 1,2, … 𝑃=
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐿2

Smallest value of P: 𝑃𝑐𝑟 = critical load before column begins to buckle
2 𝐸 = modulus of elasticity
𝜋 𝐸𝐼 𝐼 = moment of inertia of the cross section about
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2 EULER LOAD
𝐿 the neutral axis least!
𝐿 = length between pins
About which axis will the column fail/buckle?

Axis of least moment of inertia.
𝜋2𝐸 𝜎𝑐𝑟 = critical stress

𝜎𝑐𝑟 = 𝐸 = modulus of elasticity
(𝐿/𝑟)2 𝑟 = radius of gyration about the neutral axis
= 𝐼/𝐴 least!
𝐿 = length between pins
𝑳/𝒓 is the slenderness ratio. It can be used to classify

columns as short, intermediate and slender
The Euler formula is only valid within the elastic region.

∴ 𝜎𝑐𝑟 ≤ 𝜎𝑌
Columns with Other Supports
 𝐿 in the Euler buckling formula =

unsupported distance between
points of zero moment or points of
inflection
 To use the Euler formula for columns
having other types of supports, the
effective length 𝑳𝒆 = 𝑲𝑳 can be
used. 𝐿𝑒 is the unsupported distance
between points of zero moment.
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋2𝐸
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 𝜎𝑐𝑟 =
(𝐾𝐿)2 (𝐾𝐿/𝑟)2

Example 28-1
An aluminum column of length 𝐿 and a

rectangular cross section has a fixed end 𝐵 and
supports a centric load at 𝐴 . Two smooth
rounded fixed plates restrain end A from
moving in one of the vertical planes of
symmetry of the column, but allow it to
move in the other plane. Determine the ratio
a/b of the two sides of the cross section
corresponding to the most efficient design
against buckling.
10 ES 13 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
MOST EFFICIENT DESIGN AGAINST BUCKLING
 This happens when your column will reach the euler buckling
load/stress at the same time for both principal axes
𝜎𝑐𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 = 𝜎𝑐𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
𝐾𝐿 𝐾𝐿
=
𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
“..BUCKLE & CRUSH SIMULTANEOUSLY”

 Crush – another term for yielding since your column
experiences axial compressive only
𝜎𝑐𝑟 = 𝜎𝑌
Example 28-2
A W150x24 steel column is 8.0 m long and

is fixed at its ends. It is braced about the
weak axis 𝑦 − 𝑦 using struts that are
assumed to be pin connected to the mid-
height. Determine the load it can support
so that the column does not buckle nor
4m
the material yield. 𝜎𝑦 = 410 MPa, 𝐸 = 200

GPa.
𝐼𝑥 = 13.4 × 106 𝑚𝑚4 4m
𝐼𝑦 = 1.83 × 106 𝑚𝑚4

𝐴 = 3060 𝑚𝑚2

Quiz
Rigid beam 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is supported by a pinned

connection at 𝐴 and by a 180 mm by 180 mm
square timber post that is pin-connected at B
and D, as shown. The length dimensions of the
beam are 𝑥1 = 3.6 𝑚 and 𝑥2 = 2.8 𝑚. The
timber post has a length of 𝐿 = 4 𝑚 and an
elastic modulus of 𝐸 = 12 GPa. If a factor of
safety of 2.0 with respect to buckling is
specified, write a message for me :).

Buckling of Columns: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Buckling of Columns: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Buckling of Columns: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LECTURE 28

ES 13 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 2

ES 13 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 5

Applying boundary conditions, 𝒗(𝟎) = 𝟎 and 𝒗 𝑳 = 𝟎,

ES 13 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 6

About which axis will the column fail/buckle?

𝜋2𝐸 𝜎𝑐𝑟 = critical stress

𝑳/𝒓 is the slenderness ratio. It can be used to classify

The Euler formula is only valid within the elastic region.

 𝐿 in the Euler buckling formula =

ES 13 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 9

An aluminum column of length 𝐿 and a

10 ES 13 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I

“..BUCKLE & CRUSH SIMULTANEOUSLY”

A W150x24 steel column is 8.0 m long and

the material yield. 𝜎𝑦 = 410 MPa, 𝐸 = 200

𝐼𝑦 = 1.83 × 106 𝑚𝑚4

12 ES 13 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I

Rigid beam 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is supported by a pinned

13 ES 13 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I

You might also like