ENT
ENT
ENT
Soft Nasopharynx
Palate
Oropharynx
Epiglottis
Laryngopharynx
Esophagus
CHAPTER 16
Head & Neck (ENT)
PATHOLOGY
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
OBJECTIVE:
DEGENERATIVE,
INFLAMMATORY,
NEOPLASTIC
…deviations of normal anatomy and histology
ETIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
MORPHOLOGY
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
EVERYTHING that
touches AIR
(columnar) or
FOOD
(squamous) in the
HEAD/NECK
region
ORAL CAVITY
“UPPER” RESPIRATORY TRACT
EARS
NOSE
SALIVARY GLANDS
ORAL CAVITY
• TEETH/GINGIVA/ALVEOLAR BONE
• INFLAMMATORY/”REACTIVE”
LESIONS
• INFECTIONS: HSV, VIRAL, FUNGI
• LEUKOPLAKIA/”HAIRY”
LEUKOPLAKIA
• SQUAMOUS TUMORS: BEN/MALIG
• ODONTOGENIC CYSTS/TUMORS
“UPPER” AIRWAYS
• NOSE: Inflammation, Tumors
• NASOPHARYNX: Inflammation,
Tumors
• PARANASAL SINUSES: (3)
Inflammation, Tumors
• LARYNX: Inflammation, Tumors
EARS
• DEGENERATION:
OTOSCLEROSIS
• INFLAMMATION:
• NEOPLASMS:
NECK
• BRANCHIAL (cleft) CYST
MODERATE
POOR
nose
• Inflammation
• Neoplasma
Rhinitis/Sinusitis
• Very often allergic, a swab showing
many eosinophils may prove this
• Very often associated with URI’s in
general, usually viral
• Just about every organism
imaginable has been implicated at
one time or another, bacteria, virus,
fungus, etc.
NOSE/SINUS/NASOPHARYNX
“TUMORS”
• “Polyps”---really NOT a tumor
• Angiofibroma
• Papilloma
• Plasmacytoma
• Neuroblastoma
• Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
INFLAMMATORY “POLYPS” OF NASAL CAVITY
ROSETTE
NASOPHARYNGEAL
CARCINOMA
LARYNGITIS
POLYPS
PAPILLOMAS
CARCINOMAS
ear
• Inflammation
• Neoplasma
The Tympanic Cavity
Chorda
Tympani N.
(CN VII)
Incus
Tendon of
Tendon of Tensor
Stapedius M. Tympani M.
(CN VII) (V3)
Stapes
• Malignant
• Undefferentiated ca nasopharix
• Non keratinizing ca nasopharix
Non keratinizing ca nasopharinx
Undiff ca nasopharink
P
A
R
O
T
I
D
Salivary gland
Tumof of salivari gland mayor
• Benign tumor
• Monomorphik adenoma
• Pleomorphil adenma
• Wharthin tumor
• Malignan
• Mucoepidermoid ca
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma
• Adenoca parotis
Pleomorphic adenoma parotis
• Mixed tumors are generally benign, have
BOTH connective tissue (i.e., usually
cartilagenous) components as well as
glandular components, hence the name
pleomorphic or mixed, they generally look
and feel like little round soft cartilage balls.
PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
i.e., MIXED TUMOR
Adeno ca parotis
PAPILLARY CYSTADENOMA LYMPHOMATOSUM
Better known as: WARTHIN TUMOR
MUCOEPIDERMOID
CARCINOMA
ADENOID CYSTIC
CARCINOMA
The tumor cells characteristically along
the nerve spaces, and another classical
feature about this malignancy, is that it is
slow slow slow growing, patients are
frequently alive 20-30 years after
diagnoses even with no treatment