Introduction to

Java Programming, 4E

Y. Daniel Liang
 Introduction
 Course Objectives
 Organization of the Book

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 Course Objectives
 Upon completing the course, you will understand
– Create, compile, and run Java programs
– Primitive data types
– Java control flow
– Methods
– Arrays (for teaching Java in two semesters, this could be the end)
– Object-oriented programming
– Core Java classes (Swing, exception, internationalization,
multithreading, multimedia, I/O, networking, Java
Collections Framework)

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 Course Objectives, cont.
 You will be able to
– Develop programs using Forte
– Write simple programs using primitive data
types, control statements, methods, and arrays.
– Create and use methods
– Develop a GUI interface and Java applets
– Write interesting projects
– Establish a firm foundation on Java concepts

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 Book Chapters
 Part I: Fundamentals of Programming

– Chapter 1 Introduction to Java

– Chapter 2 Primitive Data Types and Operations
– Chapter 3 Control Statements
– Chapter 4 Methods
– Chapter 5 Arrays

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 Book Chapters, cont.
 Part II: Object-Oriented Programming

– Chapter 6 Objects and Classes

– Chapter 7 Strings
– Chapter 8 Class Inheritance and Interfaces
– Chapter 9 Object-Oriented Software Development

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 Book Chapters, cont.
 Part III: GUI Programming

– Chapter 10 Getting Started with GUI Programming

– Chapter 11 Creating User Interfaces
– Chapter 12 Applets and Advanced GUI

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 Book Chapters, cont.
 Part IV: Developing Comprehensive Projects

– Chapter 13 Exception Handling

– Chapter 14 Internationalization
– Chapter 15 Multithreading
– Chapter 16 Multimedia
– Chapter 17 Input and Output
– Chapter 18 Networking
– Chapter 19 Java Data Structures

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 Chapter 1 Introduction to Java
and Forte
 What Is Java?
 Getting Started With Java Programming
– Create, Compile and Running a Java
Application

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 What Is Java?
 History
 Characteristics of Java

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 History
 James Gosling and Sun Microsystems
 Oak
 Java, May 20, 1995, Sun World
 HotJava
– The first Java-enabled Web browser
 JDK Evolutions
 J2SE, J2ME, and J2EE (not mentioned in the
book, but could discuss here optionally)
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 Characteristics of Java
 Java is simple
 Java is object-oriented
 Java is distributed
 Java is interpreted
 Java is robust
 Java is secure
 Java is architecture-neutral
 Java is portable
 Java’s performance
 Java is multithreaded
 Java is dynamic

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 JDK Versions
 JDK 1.02 (1995)
 JDK 1.1 (1996)
 Java 2 SDK v 1.2 (a.k.a JDK 1.2, 1998)
 Java 2 SDK v 1.3 (a.k.a JDK 1.3, 2000)
 Java 2 SDK v 1.4 (a.k.a JDK 1.4, 2002)

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 JDK Editions
 Java Standard Edition (J2SE)
– J2SE can be used to develop client-side standalone
applications or applets.
 Java Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
– J2EE can be used to develop server-side applications such
as Java servlets and Java ServerPages.
 Java Micro Edition (J2ME).
– J2ME can be used to develop applications for mobile
devices such as cell phones.

This book uses J2SE to introduce Java programming.

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 Java IDE Tools
 Forte by Sun MicroSystems
 Borland JBuilder
 Microsoft Visual J++
 WebGain Café
 IBM Visual Age for Java

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 Getting Started with Java
Programming
 A Simple Java Application
 Compiling Programs
 Executing Applications

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 A Simple Application
Example 1.1
//This application program prints Welcome
//to Java!
package chapter1;

public class Welcome {

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}

Source Run
NOTE: To run the program,
install slide files on hard
disk. 17
Creating and Compiling Programs
Create/Modify Source Code
 On command line
– javac file.java
Source Code

Compile Source Code

i.e. javac Welcome.java

If compilation errors

Bytecode

Run Byteode
i.e. java Welcome

Result

If runtime errors or incorrect result

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 Executing Applications
 On command line
– java classname

Bytecode

Java Java Java

Interpreter Interpreter Interpreter
...
on Windows on Linux on Sun Solaris

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 Example
javac Welcome.java

java Welcome

output:...

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 Compiling and Running a Program
Where are the files
Welcome.java
stored in the
c:\example directory?
chapter1 Welcome.class

Welcome.java~

chapter2 Java source files and class files for Chapter 2

.
.
.
chapter19 Java source files and class files for Chapter 19

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 Anatomy of a Java Program
 Comments
 Package
 Reserved words
 Modifiers
 Statements
 Blocks
 Classes
 Methods
 The main method
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 Comments

In Java, comments are preceded by two

slashes (//) in a line, or enclosed
between /* and */ in one or multiple lines.
When the compiler sees //, it ignores all
text after // in the same line. When it
sees /*, it scans for the next */ and ignores
any text between /* and */.
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 Package

The second line in the program

(package chapter1;) specifies a package
name, chapter1, for the class Welcome.
Forte compiles the source code in
Welcome.java, generates
Welcome.class, and stores
Welcome.class in the chapter1 folder.
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 Reserved Words
Reserved words or keywords are words that
have a specific meaning to the compiler and
cannot be used for other purposes in the
program. For example, when the compiler sees
the word class, it understands that the word
after class is the name for the class. Other
reserved words in Example 1.1 are public,
static, and void. Their use will be introduced
later in the book.
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 Modifiers
Java uses certain reserved words called
modifiers that specify the properties of the
data, methods, and classes and how they can
be used. Examples of modifiers are public
and static. Other modifiers are private, final,
abstract, and protected. A public datum,
method, or class can be accessed by other
programs. A private datum or method cannot
be accessed by other programs. Modifiers are
discussed in Chapter 6, "Objects and Classes."
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 Statements
A statement represents an action or a
sequence of actions. The statement
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!") in
the program in Example 1.1 is a statement
to display the greeting "Welcome to Java!"
Every statement in Java ends with a
semicolon (;).

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 Blocks
A pair of braces in a program forms a block
that groups components of a program.

public class Test {

Class block
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); Method block
}
}

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 Classes
The class is the essential Java construct. A class
is a template or blueprint for objects. To
program in Java, you must understand classes
and be able to write and use them. The mystery
of the class will continue to be unveiled
throughout this book. For now, though,
understand that a program is defined by using
one or more classes.

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 Methods
What is System.out.println? It is a method: a
collection of statements that performs a
sequence of operations to display a message
on the console. It can be used even without
fully understanding the details of how it
works. It is used by invoking a statement
with a string argument. The string argument
is enclosed within parentheses. In this case,
the argument is "Welcome to Java!" You can
call the same println method with a different
argument to print a different message.
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 main Method
The main method provides the control of
program flow. The Java interpreter executes the
application by invoking the main method.
 
The main method looks like this:
 
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Statements;
}
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 Displaying Text in a Message
Dialog Box
you can use the showMessageDialog
method in the JOptionPane class.
JOptionPane is one of the many
predefined classes in the Java system,
which can be reused rather than
“reinventing the wheel.”
Source Run
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 The showMessageDialog Method
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Welcome to Java!",
"Example 1.2", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE));

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 The exit Method
Use Exit to terminate the program and stop
all threads.

NOTE: When your program starts, a thread

is spawned to run the program. When the
showMessageDialog is invoked, a separate
thread is spawned to run this method. The
thread is not terminated even you close the
dialog box. To terminate the thread, you
have to invoke the exit method.
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