1 Nature and Elements of Communication

Wednesday
In this unit, the students will understand the

nature and elements of oral communication in
context. The learners can also design and
perform; effective controlled oral
communication activities based on context.
At the end of the lesson, the students
should be able to:
 Define correctly communication
 Explain correctly the nature and process of
communication
 Differentiate the various models of
communication
Instructions:
• Have a group of 5 by counting from 1 to 5 and
form a circle silently.
• Write words that can be associated with
communication
• Do this in 3 minutes only
• Assign a reporter and present your output to
the class.
COMMUNICATION
Communication was derived from the Latin word
“communis” which means “to share and inform;
ideas, feelings, etc.”
Keyton J. (2011) defines communication as the

process of transmitting information and common
understanding from; one person to another.
Johnston, W. (2008) emphasizes that
communication takes place when one individual, a
sender, displays transmits, or otherwise directs a
set of symbols to another individual, a receiver,
with the aim; of changing his or her world view.
This set of symbols is typically described as a
messege.
Wood, J. (2004) as cited by Ang (2009) defines
communication as a “dynamic, systematic or
contextual, irreversible, and proactive process in
which communicators construct personal
meanings through their symbolic interactions.
Abulencia (2000) defines “communication as a
dynamic process which includes the sending and
receiving of messages at a conscious or
unconscious level. The message may be
transmitted or conveyed verbally or non-verbally
or through visual or audio-visual effects.”
Hahner, et al., (1997) considers “communication as
process whereby an idea thought or feeling that
arises in the mind of one person is conveyed to the
mind of someone else.
Comeaux (1996) as cited by Ang (2009) asserts
that “communication is a transaction in which the
participants are mutually engaged in the process of
creating meaning.”
Communication is a two-way process of
transmitting messages from one person to another
in which the person involved not only encode or
decode information, news, ideas
and feelings but also create and share meaning.
In general, communication is the transfer of
information from one person to another, whether
or not it elicits confidence. But the information
transferred must be understandable to the
receiver .
LET’S HAVE FUN!
1. The class will be divided into groups and play a
memory game
2. The teacher will flash through a visual the different
definitions of communication and the groups will
have the name of the author or the scholar of a
specific definition.
3. The group who answers first and gets the correct
answer will be given points. At the end of the game
the group who earns the highest point will be
declared the winner.
Thursday
LESSON 2:
THE PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION
LET’S HAVE FUN!
1. Find a pair and sit back to back. One person in each
pair should have a piece of paper and a pen or
pencil. Once everyone has settled the teacher will
give the other student in the pair a drawing to
describe to the other student in the pair. You are
given two minutes to describe and draw without
asking or answering any questions. Then allow
another minute fro the drawer to ask questions.
LET’S REFLECT!
1. Present the differences that you

have observed in your drawing
and the original image.
2. Why were there differences in
the drawing?
LET’S REFLECT!
3. Is listening important?
Why or why not?
LET’S Discover!
Communication is a process and if
the process breaks down
communication will fail. It consists
of several components.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
Source/Sender Encodes information
This is the content which is organized and

encoded in a language understood by the
MESSEGE speakers and transmitted verbally or non-
verbally through channels.
This is the medium; used by the speakers in
CHANNEL encoding and decoding messages.
Decoder of the message sent by the speaker
RECIEVER (and transmits hi[s/her response back to the
sender).
The receiver’s response to the message sent by
FEEDBACK the speaker.
The potential interruption in the flow of
NOISE information.
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
LET’S SUM IT UP!
Make your own diagram; illustrating the
process of communication. (5 minutes)
ASSIGNMENT:
Draw a meaningful symbol that
relates to your own perspective of
communication.
June 13, 2017- Tuesday
REVIEW
 Definitions of Communication
 Communication Process
QUIZ: ½ CW
IDENTIFICATION: 10 points
1. It is the Latin word means “to share and inform; ideas, feelings,
etc. in which communication was derived.
2. It is the process of transmitting information and common

understanding from; one person to another. Keyton J. (2011)
3. He defines “communication as a dynamic process which

includes the sending and receiving of messages at a conscious or
unconscious level.
4. This is the content which is organized and encoded in a
language understood by the speakers and transmitted verbally or
non-verbally through channels.
5. Decoder of the message sent by the speaker (and transmits

his/her response back to the sender).
6. It is the receiver’s response to the message sent by the

speaker.
7. The potential interruption in the flow of information.

8-10. Enumerate 3 authors of the communication
QUIZ: ½ CW
Illustration: 9 points + 1
Kindly draw and label the

process of
communication.
FAILURE TO
COMMUNICATION
LESSON 3:
COMMUNICATION
MODELS
Model- is a representation of an object ,event,
process or relationship. Thus, communication
models describe the process of communication
and how it works.
Furthermore, communication models used to
explain the human communication process in
different circumstances.
1. Aristotelian Model
One of the earliest recorded models is
attributed to the ancient Greek
philosopher Aristotle. Aristotle
represented communication as might
an orator who speaks to large
audiences. His model incorporates
few elements.
Aristotelian Model
SPEAKER MESSAGE AUDIENCE

2. LASSWELL MODEL
The political scientist Harold Lasswell
developed this model which is one of
the first models of communication in
1948. His model includes considerations
of the four basic elements in a linear
pattern to determine the impact of a
communication.
LASSWELL MODEL
COMMUNICATOR (WHO)
MESSAGE (SAYS WHAT)

= IMPACT
MEDIUM (IN WHAT CHANNEL)
AUDIENCE (TO WHOM)

3. SHANNON AND WEAVER’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL
This is the first major model for
communication which came in 1949 and
was conceived by Claude Elwood Shannon
and Warren Weaver for Bell Telephone
Laboratories.
3. SHANNON AND WEAVER’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL
It follows the basic concept of communication and it
has five basic elements: information source,
transmitter, receiver, destination, and noise.
Moreover,
this model illustrates the process of sending and
receiving messages or transferring information from
one part (sender) to another (receiver).
SHANNON AND WEAVER’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL
INFORMATION
SOURCE
MESSAGE
TRANSMITTER
RECIEVED SIGNAL
SIGNAL
RECEIVER
MESSAGE
DESTINATION
Wednesday
4. The ScHRAmm’S model

Wilbur Shramm’s tried several models to express the
insights and finally, in 1954 he introduced his four
model which emphasizes the process and
interaction. People communicate and interact in a
continuous and repeated manner. His fourth model
highlights the “dynamism; of human
communication.”
The ScHRAmm’S model
MESSAGE
Encoder Decoder
Interpreter Interpreter
Decoder Encoder
MESSAGE
5. BERLO’S mODEL
In 1960, David Berlo expanded Shannon and
Weaver’s 1949 linear model of communication and
created Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR)
Model of Communication. This model focuses on
the sender’s and receiver’s knowledge, attitudes,
social cultural system, and communication skills.
5. BERLO’S mODEL
The message highlights on the element, treatment,
structure, content, and codes. The channels of
communication are focused on the five senses:
hearing, seeing, touching, tasting and smelling.
5. BERLO’S mODEL
6. WHITE’S mODEL
Eugene White introduced a step-by-step
sequence of events that begins with thinking in
the speaker and ends with monitoring with the
speaker.
WHITE’S mODEL
THE EIGHT STAGES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION
Thinking A desire, feeling, or an emotion gives a speaker a
stimulus to communicate a need.
Symbolizing Before a speaker can utter a sound(s), he/she has to

know the code of oral language with which to
represent his/her ideas and for hi[m/her to make
his/her selection
Expressing In this stage, the speaker then uses hi/her verbal
mechanism; to produce the sounds of language
accompanied by hi[s/her facial expressions,
gestures, and body posture.
Transmitting When waves of sound spread at 1, 000 feet per
second and waves of light travel at a speed of
186, 000 miles per second carry the speaker’s
message to the listeners.
Receiving When sound waves infringe the listener’s ears after
which the resulting nerve impulses reach the brain
via the auditory nerve; light waves stripe the
listener’s eyes which the resulting nerve impulses
reach the brain via the optic nerve.
Decoding Upon the listener receives the language symbols;

he/she interprets and thinks further.
Feedbacking
The listener may demonstrate evident behavior like
a nod, smile, frown, or yawn or he/she may not
show any behavior at all.
Monitoring While the speaker waits for a response or

understanding of hi[s/her message from; hi[s/her
listeners, he/she is also attuned to what is going on
inside him/her the speaker is receiving, and
decoding message about himself/herself from
his/her listeners in order to adjust to the particular
situation.
PERFORMANCE
TASK

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What are the different models of communication discussed?

What are the different models of communication discussed?

What are the stages of oral communication according to White's model?

What are the stages of oral communication according to White's model?

Wednesday

In this unit, the students will understand the

Keyton J. (2011) defines communication as the

1. Present the differences that you

This is the content which is organized and

2. It is the process of transmitting information and common

3. He defines “communication as a dynamic process which

5. Decoder of the message sent by the speaker (and transmits

6. It is the receiver’s response to the message sent by the

7. The potential interruption in the flow of information.

Kindly draw and label the

SPEAKER MESSAGE AUDIENCE

MESSAGE (SAYS WHAT)

AUDIENCE (TO WHOM)

4. The ScHRAmm’S model

Symbolizing Before a speaker can utter a sound(s), he/she has to

Decoding Upon the listener receives the language symbols;

Monitoring While the speaker waits for a response or

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