Chapter 5:

Fundamental of
Multimedia

5.1 Introduction
to Multimedia

1
 5.1 INTRODUCTION TO
MULTIMEDIA
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:

(a) Define Multimedia

(b) Describe the elements of Multimedia
(c) State the applications of Multimedia.

2
 What
is
MULTIMEDIA ???

3
DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA (1)

Multimedia refers to any application that

combines text with graphics, animation, audio,
video and / or virtual reality.

[Discovering Computers, 2012]

Note – Virtual Reality (VR): Computers used to

simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space.

4
DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA (2)

Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics,

sound, animation and video delivered to you by
computer or other electronic or digitally
manipulated means.
[Tay Vaughn, 2011]

Note – electronic means: e.g. Phone, real-time

video conference, Web, TV, DVD or some
other instrument.
5
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS

Text Graphic Video

Animation Audio
6
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS

Keyword: T.A.G.A.V 7
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 1) Text
Text is the most basic element of
multimedia that contains words used for
written communication or to express
something.

Text can be in the form of letters, numbers,

symbols, special characters.

A good choice of words / symbols could

help convey the intended message to the
users (keywords / tagline). 8
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 1) Text
Hardware used to input: keyboard, light pen,
virtual keyboard, speech input, optical
character recognition.

Uses of text:
 Page titles
 Captions
 Labels for pictures
 Contents
 Menus
9
 Navigational buttons
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
1) Text
Example:

10
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
1) Text
Types of Typeface

11
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
1) Text
When designing with text, there are several key
terms with which you should be familiar.

Typeface A family of graphic characters

that usually includes many types
sizes and styles.

12
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
1) Text

13
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
1) Text
Font A collection of characters of a single
size & style belonging to a particular
typeface family.
e.g. 24 point Times New Roman
Font Styles Are Boldface, Italic and Underline
Leading Leading is the amount of space
between lines of text.
Kerning Kerning is the amount of space
between characters.
Alignment Alignment can be left, right, centered,
or justified. 14
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 1)
Text
Example: Kerning

Line spacing

Letter
spacing
15
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 1) Text

Standard Text File Format

Text Files Full Name

*.doc / *.docx Microsoft Word Document

*.odt Open Document Text

*.txt ASCII

*.rtf Rich Text Format

16
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
2) Graphic

 A graphic, or graphical image, is a digital

representation of non-text information such
as a drawing, chart, or photo.

 Usage : to convey messages as it serves

the purpose to present information more
attractively & effectively.

17
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
2) Graphic
 Hardware used to input: scanner, digital
camera, graphics tablet.

 Graphic can be used as:

 Main focus: logos, images, painting, figures

& photographs.
 Object: icons, symbols, drawing

 Interface

 Complementary elements: background,

texture
18
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS : Graphic
Types of graphics
i. Vector
ii. Bitmap

Bitmap Vector

19
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
2) Graphic
i. Bitmap graphic.

 A bitmap image is a computer file used to store a

picture. It consists of tiny blocks called pixels in a
grid.

20
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
2) Graphic

i. Bitmap graphic.

 real images that can be captured from

devices such as cameras or scanners.

 easily convert to another file format.

21
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
2) Graphic
ii. Vector graphic

 Vector graphics is the creation of digital images

through a sequence of commands or
mathematical statements that place lines and
shapes in a given two-dimensional (2-D) or three-
dimensional space (3-D)

22
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
2) Graphic
ii. Vector graphic
 Common vector formats include:
Text files Full name Software
*.ai Adobe Illustrator Adobe Illustrator
*.cdr CorelDRAW CorelDRAW,
*.cmr Corel Exchange CorelDRAW,
*.cgm Computer Graphics Metafile

*.wmf (Windows Metafile)

 a small file size.

 the ability to scale the image to any size without loss of
quality
 no background
 shapes easily edited
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Multimedia Elements: Graphic
2) Graphic
 Differences between bitmap and vector
graphics:
Bitmap Vector
Composed of many tiny parts Consist of shapes called
called pixels made up of objects drawn using
different colors. mathematical formulas.
Bitmap graphics when Vector graphics are scalable
resized tends to lose its and do not lose its quality.
quality.
The file size of a bitmap The file size of a vector
graphic is often quite large. graphic is often very small.

24
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
2) Graphic
Standard Graphic File Format

Graphic Files Full Name

*.jpg Joint Photographic Experts Group

*.png Portable Network Graphics

*.bmp Bitmap

*.tiff Tagged Image File Format

25
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 3) Animation

• Definition : A series of graphical images

displayed one after another to simulate movement.

• Usage :Animation serves the purpose to make

static presentation come alive, and to present
complex concept more briefly and easily.

26
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 3) Animation

 Digital animation can be categorized into two

broad areas: 2D (2 Dimension) and 3D (3
Dimension) animations

27
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 3) Animation
2D (2 Dimension)

 2D animation is a flat animation and all the

motions happen in the x-y axes of the
screen.

 2D animations are very simple and static,

not changing their position on the screen.

28
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 3) Animation
2D (2 Dimension) – example

29
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 3) Animation
3D (3 Dimension)

3D animation allows an image or object to be

created from every possible direction like in real
life and motions are calculated along all three
axes (x, y, & z) of the screen.

30
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 3) Animation

Standard Animation File Format

Animation Files Full Name

*.swf Flash and Shockwave

*.gif Graphic Interchange Format

31
Example of 2D and 3 D animation movie

1. Popeye the sailorman

2. Usop Sontorian
2D 3. Kluang Man
4. Kampong Boy
5. Snow white and 7 dwafs
1. Upin Ipin the movie
3D 2. Boboiboy
3. Frozen
4. Big Hero Six
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 4) Video
 Digital media that shows the arrangement or
sequence of static pictures that give an illusion as
though we are looking at moving pictures.
(Agnew and Kellerman - 1997)

33
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 4) Video

Usage :

 To firmly hold a students interest in a

computer-based learning project.
 A powerful tool for bringing computer users
closer to real world, attract the user’s
attention and emotions.
 To effectively present messages and
reinforce story.

34
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 4) Video

There are several ways to capture video.

You can:
 Film footage using a video camera.

 Use footage that is already stored on tape or

DVD.
 Use existing video clips.

35
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 4) Video
Digital Video.

Advantages
 video clips can be edited easily
 the digital video files can be stored like any other files in
the computer and the quality of the video can still be
maintained
 the video files can be transferred within a computer
network
 it allows non-linear editing in any part of the video

Disadvantages
 these digital video files are large in size
 transferring these files can take a long time especially
36
when using the Internet.
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 4) Video
Analog Video.

 Analog video has a resolution measured in

the number of horizontal scan lines.
 The analog video signals are recorded onto
magnetic tape / video tape.

37
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 4) Video
Sources of video:
i. recorded
ii. captured from CD, DVD, BD
iii. downloaded from Internet

38
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 4) Video

Standard Video File Format

Video Files Full Name

*.avi Audio Video Interleave

*.mov Quick Time

*.mpeg Motion Picture Experts Group

*.wmv Windows Media Video

*.mkv Matroska Video

39
*.mp4 MPEG layer - 4
 Differences between animation and video
Animation Video

is created by a cartoonist or an is created using a camcorder,

artist who draws a series of mobile, or a movie camera and no
illustrations in different angles that preparation is needed and one can
are fed into a computer to convert just pick up the camera and start
them into a video mode adding shooting any object, still or moving,
music or voices. with the camera.

Animations are created using Life videos are shot or recorded

computer graphics using standard or advance cameras

Animation are compressible and Videos need a large storage media

requires less space.

Animation does not involve live Video shows only reality, thus
people or scenes. display real characters and actions.
 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 5) Audio
Audio (sound) are vibrations in the air that create
waves of pressure, and audio includes spoken
word, voices, music and even noise.

Audio is the most affective element in multimedia

that provides:
 Listening pleasure of music.
 The startling accent of special effects.
 Background music.

41
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 5) Audio
Audio / Sound.

 Two (2) basic types of audio: analog and digital audio.

 Example of hardware used to enter audio is a

microphone.

42
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 5) Audio
Analog Audio?
 the original sound signal.
 we can record analog audio file.
 special audio editors like Audacity can be use
to convert analog audio files into digital audio
files

Digital Audio?
 the digital sampling of the actual sound.
 used in multimedia

43
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS – 5) Audio

Standard Audio File Format

Audio Files Full Name

*.wav Waveform

*.midi Musical Instrument Digital Interface

*.aif / *.aiff Audio Interchange File Format

*.au Audio

*.wma Windows Media Audio

44
 MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS

A Multimedia Application is an application

which uses a collection of multiple media
sources e.g. text, graphics, images,
sound/audio, animation and/or video.

45
 MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS
There are a number of fields where multimedia
application could be of use. Examples are:
 Business

 Education

 Entertainment

 Public Places

46
 Multimedia Applications in Business:
(1) Business presentations
 Business presentations of a company profile.

(2) Online Advertisement

 is a form of marketing and advertising which
uses the Internet to deliver promotional
marketing messages to consumers.
 Example : www.lazada.com.my

47
 Multimedia Applications in Business:

(3) Advertising
 Create E-brochures to properly convey the
advantages of your products.

(4) Marketing
 Sales & Marketing Presentations will have
greater impact.

(5) Product demos

 Product demos will be better understood.

48
 Multimedia Applications in Schools/Education:

(1) E-learning
 Delivery of education via
some electronic method
such as Internet, networks
or optical discs.

(2) Courseware
 Educational software that
delivers course material and
instruction via computer.

49
Multimedia Applications in Schools/Education:

(3) Web-based learning

 A course of study
delivered via the Internet.

(4) Simulation
 Simulation studies are
performed, not on the
real-world system, but on
a computer-based model
of the system created for
the purpose of studying
certain system dynamics
and characteristics.
50
(5) Digital books
 an electronic book (or e-book)
which is made available in
digital form, consisting of text,
images, or both, readable on
the flat-panel display of
computers or other electronic
devices
 Multimedia Applications in Entertainment:
(1) Computer games

(2) Movies

(3) Video on Demand

(online)

52
 Multimedia Applications in Public Places:
(1) Digital Billboard
 A digital billboard is a
billboard that display
digital images that are
changed by a computer
every few seconds.
 Digital billboards are
primarily used for
advertising, but they can
also serve public service
purposes.

53
 Multimedia Applications in Public Places :
(2) Plasma Poster
 Plasma Posters are
plasma displays
with interactive
overlays that enable
direct touch
interaction.
(3) Information Kiosk
 Free-standing
computer that
usually includes a
touch screen that
provide information
and interactive.
54
 Example: Public Places

Plasma Poster

Information Kiosk
55
(a) Definition of Multimedia
(b) Describe the elements of Multimedia
(T.A.G.A.V)
(c) State the applications of Multimedia. 56

( Business, Education, Entertainment, Public Places)

Questions
i. Hakim needs to use audio in his multimedia
project. Suggest him one (1) source to get
the audio.

(ii) State the other multimedia elements that

Hakim can use to replace the audio.