BYELAWS

It consists of rules and regulations

designed from N.B.C by town planning
authorities, urban development
authorities and municipalities to control
the development of area under its
jurisdiction.
AIM : Objectives of Byelaws
• To ensure provision for • 1. It prevents the construction of
reasonable minimum buildings in a haphazard manner.
• 2.It gives guidelines to the
requirements and standards architect/engg in effective
based on scientific &Engg planning and to ensure planned
development of the area as a
knowledge, experience and whole.
techniques and modern • 3.Buildings planned based on
methods of construction in byelaws are comfortable to live
in. They have proper lighting ,
the planning, designing and ventilation &protect safety of
construction of buildings in public against fire, noise, health
hazards and structural failure.
the zone. • 4. It ensures as a standard
document for the local bodies to
lawfully ensure the prescribed
norms in the planning of buildings
by the architect .
List of various aspects of building activities
covered by byelaws
• 1.DISTANCE FROM ELECTRIC LINES
• As per N.B.C no verandah /balcony or the like shall be allowed to be
erected or re erected in a building within the distance quoted in
accordance with the current Indian Electric Rules between the building
and any overhead electric supply line

Vertically Horizontally
Type of overhead line
a) Low and medium voltage 2.50 mt. 1.20 mt.
lines and service lines
b) High voltage lines upto and 3.70 mt. 1.20 mt.
including 11,000 volts
c) High voltage lines above 3.70 mt. 2.00 mt.
11,000 volts and upto and
including 33,000 volts
d) Extra high voltage lines Plus 0.3 mt. for every additional Plus 0.3 mt. for every additional
additional 33,000 volts 33,000 V of part or part thereof. 33,000 V or part thereof.
 LINES OF BUILDING FRONTAGE
• It is a line usually parallel to the plot boundaries or centre line of a
road beyond which nothing can be constructed known as setback or
front building line laid in each case by the local authority as per
recommendations of master/zonal plan.
• Increased set back known as control line needed where large
number of vehicles are expected (cinema halls ,factories etc).
• Normally the distance of building ctrl line is taken as 11/2 times the
distance of building line.
• For buildings facing state highways in urban area is taken as 30m-
45m and for buildings facing major roads as 15m-24m.
• As per N.B.C the minimum frontage for any building is 6m on any
street
• Uses :Widening of street, prevents formation of blind corners at the
intersection of streets, reduces impact of sound noise smoke etc,
used as parking.
 OPEN SPACES WITH IN A PLOT:
• As per N.B.C for buildings up to a height of 7m
Front open space(min) Width of street fronting the plot

1.5m Upto 7.5m

3m 7.5-18m

4.4m 18-30m

6m >30m

<7.5m 5m
• REAR OPEN SPACE : 3m at no place measuring 1.8m.
• If back to back site 3m throughout
• Plot depth < 9m rear space may be reduced to 1.5m
• SIDE OPEN SPACE: Detached buildings – 3m(min) on both
sides
• Semidetached buildings – 3m (min) on one side

3m

3m 3m
Provision of Exterior Open Spaces Around the Buildings

Sl. No. Height of the Building Upto (mt.) Exterior open spaces to be left out
on all sides in mt. (front rear and
sides in each plot)

1 10 As per prescribed set backs

2 15 5

3 18 6

4 21 7

5 24 8

6 27 9

7 30 10

8 35 11

9 40 12

10 45 13

11 50 14

12 55 and above 16
 BUILT UP AREA LIMITATIONS :

• Built up area = plot area – Aspects considered in specifying

Area of open spaces around F.A.R.
the building • Occupancy type
• The max area which can be • type of construction
allowed to be built on a plot of • width of street fronting the
land and the maximum height
up to which construction can
building
be carried out on a plot is • locality where building is
governed by Floor Area Ratio proposed
(FAR) or Floor Space • parking facility
Index(F.S.I)
• local fire fighting facilities
• F.A.R = covered area of all
floors/plot area • water supply and drainage
facility
 HEIGHT LIMIT
a) The maximum height of building shall not exceed 1.5 times the width of
road abutting plus the front open spaces.
b) If a building abuts on two or more streets of different width, the
building shall be deemed to face upon the street that has the greater width
and the height of the building shall be regulated by the width of that street.
Height shall however, not exceeds the maximum height as provided in the
Master Plan.
c) For buildings in the vicinity of the aerodromes the maximum height of
such buildings shall be subject to value framed by the Civil Aviation Authorities
from time to time and to this effect a no objection certificate issued by that
Authority shall be submitted by the applicant along with plans to the
sanctioning Authority.
Note: The location of slaughter house/butcher house and other areas for
activities like depositing of garbage dumps which would attract the collection
of high flying birds like eagles/hawks etc. shall not be permitted within a
radius of 10 km. from aerodrome reference point.
 NORMS RELATING TO SIZE AND HEIGHT OF
ROOMS AND OTHER PARTS OF THE BUILDING
• Main Building • Plinth : Height <450mm from
• The plinth or any part of a ground level.600mm is best
building or outhouse shall be from drainage point of view.
so located with respect to • Parapet wall and hand rails:
average road level on from site <1.05m and >1.2m height
so that adequate drainage of from finished surface.
the site is assured but not at a • Boundary wall : Maximum
height less than 45 cm. height 1.5m above centre line
• Interior Courtyards, of street .
Covered Parking Spaces and • Corner plot height of
Garages boundary 0.75m.
• These shall be raised at
least.1.5 cm. above the
surrounding ground level and
shall satisfactorily drained.
Component of Min. requirement for Min. requirement for plots
Building plots upto 50 sq. mt. above 50 sq. mt.

Habitable Room Area 7.50 sq. mt Area 9.50 sq. mt.

Width 2.10 mt. Width 2.40 mt.

Height 2.75 mt. Height 2.75 mt.

Kitchen Area 3.30 sq. mt. Area 4.50 sq. mt.

Width 1.50 mt. Width 1.50 mt.

Height 2.75 mt. Height 2.75 mt.

Pantries Area Not Area 3.00 sq. mt.

applicable
Width Not Width 1.40 mt.
applicable
Height Not Height 2.75 mt.
applicable
Bathroom Area 1.20 sq. mt Area 1.80 sq. mt.

Width 1.00 mt. Width 1.20 mt.

Height 2.20 mt. Height 2.20 mt.

W.C. Area 1.00 sq. mt. Area 1.10 sq. mt.

Width 0.90 mt. Height 0.90 mt.

Height 2.20 mt. Height 2.20 mt.

Component of Min. requirement for plots Min. requirement for plots
Building upto 50 sq. mt. above 50 sq. mt.

Combined Bath Area 1.80 sq. mt. Area 2.80 sq. mt.
& W.C.
Width 1.00 mt. Width 1.20 mt.
Height 2.20 mt. Height 2.20 mt.
Store Area No restriction Area No restriction
Width No restriction Width No restriction
Height 2.20 mt. Height 2.2 mt.
Projections Permitted within Permitted
the setbacks within the
upto 0.75 mt. setbacks upto
width 0.75 mt. width

Garage -- Area 14.85 sq. mt.

Width 2.75 mt.
Length 5.40 mt.
Height 2.40 mt.
Passage -- Width 1.00 mt.
Doorways Width 0.80 mt. Width 0.90 mt
Habitable rooms
Height 2.00 mt. Height 2.20 mt.

For kitchen Width 0.75 mt. Width 0.75 mt.

bath, W.C. etc.
Height 2.00 mt. Height 2.00 mt
Staircase Width 0.75 mt. Width 0.90 mt.
No restriction
for internal
ladder
 LIGHTING AND VENTILATION
All habitable rooms shall have for the admission of light and air, one or more
apertures, such as window, glazed door and fan lights, opening directly to the
external air or into a open verandah not more than 2.40 mt. in width. In case light
and ventilation to habitable space area through an internal courtyard, the minimum
dimensions of such courtyard shall not be less than 3.0 mt. x 3.0 mt. for buildings up
to 12.50 mt. in height.
The minimum area of openings of habitable rooms excluding doors :
1.Dry hot climate not < 1/10th of floor area
2.Wet hot climate not <1/6th of the floor area
3.Intermediate climate not <1/8th of the floor area
4. Cold climate not <1/12th of the floor area
 Ventilation Shaft
• For ventilating the spaces for water closets and bathroom, if not opening on
the front side, rear and interior open spaces, shall open on the ventilation
shaft, the size, of which shall not be less than the values given below:

• For buildings above 15.0 mt. mechanical ventilation system shall be

installed besides the provision of minimum ventilation shaft.
• Size of Ventilation Shaft
Height of Building in mt. Size of ventilation shaft in Minimum size of shaft in
sq. mt mt.
9.0 1.5 1.0

12.5 3.0 1.2

15 and above 4.0 1.5

For buildings above 15.0 mt. mechanical ventilation system shall be installed besides the provision of
minimum ventilation shaft.
 PARKING SPACES
• To be provided as per recommendations . If not given Provision of
area for car spacing
Basement 35sq.m
Stilts 30sq.m
Open 25 sq.m
• It should be provided with adequate vehicular access to street.

• For mercantile buildings in addition to parking space 3.5mx7.5m

space to be provided for loading and unloading for 1000sq.m area.

• It should be paved and marked for different vehicles.

• If parking is provided in basement two ramps are to be provided.

 EXIT REQUIREMENTS
• Every building should be provided with exits to escape in
case of fire or other emergencies.
• Should be free from obstructions, illuminated and clearly
marked
• Alarm devices to be provided
• From fire safety considerations all staircases must be
segregated from the lift
• Types of exits : doorway, corridor, passage way to
internal or external staircase,
• Note : ramps , verandahs, lifts and escalators not
considered as exits.
Exits shall be clearly visible and the routes to reach exits shall
be clearly marked and signs posted to guide the occupants of
floor concerned.

Fire fighting equipment where provided along exits shall be

suitably located and clearly marked but must not obstruct the
exit way and there should be clear indication about its location
from either side of the exit way.

All exits shall provide continuous means of egress to the

exterior of a building or to an exterior open space leading to a
street.
Exits shall be so arranged that they may be reached without
passing through another occupied unit, except in the case of
residential buildings.
FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
• Buildings shall be planned designed and constructed in
such a manner as to ensure that it incorporates built in
fire protection as per N.B.C .
• For multi storied buildings and public buildings the
following aspects to be followed :
• Access to fire engines through clear motrable way all
around the building.
• Safe area for fireman to assemble and equip themselves
for fire fighting operation.
• Provision of required number of safe escape routes like
protected staircase with automatic closing type roads.
• Provision of fire lift for speedy rescue operation .
• Provision of generator of adequate capacity as alternative
source to supply power to specified equipment, lift etc in
emergency.

• Adequate water storage facility ,provision of safe ventilation

of smoke, gases and fumes and heat.

• Water mains, telephone lines, fire detection installation and

intercom line should Provision of wet raisers , sprinklers, fire
alarm system, fire detection system ,public addressing system
and portable fire fighting equipments where ever necessary.
• not be in same duct with the electric cables.
 STRUCTURAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
• The structural design of foundation, masonry, timber, plain
concrete, reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete and
structural steel shall be carried out in accordance with Bureau
of Indian Standards for structural safety.
• QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND Workmanship:
All material and workmanship shall be of good quality
conforming generally to accepted standards of Public Works
Department and Indian standard specification and codes
 BUILDING SERVICES
• The Planning design and installation of electrical installations,
air conditioning installation of lifts and escalators can be
carried out in accordance with Part-VIII of National Building
Code of India. However deviations from National Building
Code may be done as per good Engineering practices.
• PLUMBING SERVICES
• The planning, design, construction and installation of water
supply, drainage and sanitation and gas supply system shall be
in accordance with Part-IX of National Building Code of India.
Requirement of water supply for various
occupancies in buildings shall be as given
in Table

Per capita water Type of Occupancy Consumption per head

requirement for various per day (in lt.)
Occupancies/Uses Sl. No.
1 Residential 135
a) In living units 180
b) Hotels with lodging
accommodation (per bed)
2 Educational 45
a) Day schools 135
b) Boarding Schools
 Sanitation Requirements for Residences
Sl. No. Sanitary Unit Dwelling with Dwelling without
individual individual
conveniences conveniences
1. Bath Room One provided with One for every two
water tap tenement
2. Water Closet (W.C.) One One for every two
tenement
3. Sink (or Nahani) in One --
the Floor
4. Water Tap One One with drainage
arrangement in each
tenement

One in common bath

rooms and common
water closet.

Note: Where only one water closet is provided in a dwelling, the bath and
water closet shall be separately accommodated.
Sanitation Requirements for public Buildings (Cinema, Theaters, etc.)
Sl. No. Sanitary For Public For Staff
Unit Male Female Male Female

1 Water Closet One for 100 Two per 100 One for 15 One for 1-12
persons upto persons upto persons. persons.
400 persons. 200
For over 400 persons. For
persons, add over 200
Two for 16- Two for 13-
at the rate of persons add
35 persons 25 persons
1 per 250 at the rate of
persons or 1 per 100
part thereof persons or
part thereof

2 Ablution Taps One in each One in each One in each One in each
W.C. W.C. WC WC
3 Urinals One for 50 _____ Nil upto _____
persons or
part thereof 6 persons

One for 7-20

persons

Two for 21-

45 persons
4 Wash Basins One for every One for every One for 1-15 One for 1-12
200 persons 200 persons persons persons
or or part
thereof Two for 16- Two for 13-
part thereof 35 25 persons

5 Drinking One per 100 5

Water persons or
part thereof
Fountain
REQUIREMENTS FOR GREEN BELT AND
LANDSCAPING
• Heat Island Effect :Temperature in towns is more
than villages due to industries.
• To neutralize the effect greenery along with water
bodies to be developed for recreation filtering
polluted air, protection against dust, noise and
heat.
• Central green space 3-8 sq.m
• Community green space 5sq.m
• Residential green space 5-11sq.m
• 13-24 sq.m/person to be provided
 General considerations for effective
planning
• In general for different types of plots for residential
buildings the maximum covered area on which it can
be constructed is as follows
Type of plot Area of plot Permissible covered area

A >1000 sq.m. 33% of site area

B 501 sq.m.- 40% of site area
1000sq.m.

C 201sq.m.-500 sq.m. 50% of site area

D Upto 200 sq.m. 60% of site area

Specifications for a Residential Building
• Minimum spaces to be left Front -3000mm, sides -1500mm,
back-450mm.
• The carpet area should be 50% of 65% of the floor area.
• Depth of foundation usually 750-1000mm.
• Plinth height may be 450mm-600mm.
• Ceiling height for main rooms 3300mm-3600mm for bath and
W.C. may be 3000mm.
• Thickness of wall in super structure for single storied house
200mm or 300 and double storied 300mm.
• FOUNDATION : Depth 750mm
Concrete Course 1000mm wide and 150mm deep
Footings with Ist class brick in cement mortar(1:4) masonry
Ist footing wide 500mm,300mm deep
2nd footing wide 700mm,300mm deep
COLUMN : at least 200mm thick BRICK COL, 150X150 concrete col with 4 bars of
diameter not<12mm ,circular concrete col 150mm dia with 6 bars of 12mm dia.
• PLINTH :300mm wide ,450mm deep
• D.P.C :50mm thick C.M. 1:3
• SUPER STRUCTURE :1st class brick in C.M 1:6
If thickness of main walls 300mm portions 200mm height 3600mm main walls
,kitchen, bath &WC ht 3150mm,verandah 3000mm
• Sunshade projection : 600mm
• Kitchen selves 450mm beyond the wall
• Cooking platform of 750mm widht tobe provided at a height of 750mmfrom floor
level.
• Width of sink 450mm
• Cupboard 1050mmx2100mm
• ROOFING: 125mm thick R.C.C(1:2:4) with 100mm lime terrace over it.
Parapet height 450mm coping 50mmx50mm all around
• FLOORING: Flooring material of 25mm thick over 100mm thick sand
filling.
• Steps :Rise 150mm,Tread 200-300mm,150mm C.C
• Size of doors and windows
D-1000x2100mm
D1-750x2100
D2-1100x2100
D3-600x2000
D4-1200x2100
W-1800x1200
W1-1500x1200
W2-900x1200
W3-600x900
 Location and common sizes
• Drawing room :Located in middle of building connected to front verandah and dining
Size :4200x4800 to 5400x7200
• Bed Room : Prevailing wind direction (SW)
Size : 3000x3600 -4200x4800
• Guest Room : Side of drawing room
Size 3000x3600
• Verandah :South &West if fronting is East then it can be on East.
Width 1800-3000
• Office Room/Study: one side of front verandah
Size 3000x3600
• Dining: Rear of drawing room and near to kitchen
Size :3600x4200-4200x4800
• Kitchen : NE ,rear corner
Size:2500x3900-3000x3000
• Store room: Near to Kitchen
Size:2500x2500-3000x3000
• Bath and WC: Attached to bedrooms , if not on rear side
Size : combined 1800x1800-1800x2500
Bath:1200x1800,W.C.-1200x1200
 REFERENCES
• BPD by Kameswara Rao &Kumara swamy
• Civil Engg Drawing by B.P.Verma