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Finance Function in Global Scenario

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Finance Function
in
Global Scenario

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International Finance Function
 Definition
International Financial Management is a process
or a system of effective mobilisation and
utilization of funds (FOREX) in MNEs in whom forex
operations have significant influence on decision making.
OR
It is a system of acquisition and utilization of funds
consisting of forex in MNEs in such a way that the
objectives of the Enterprise are achieved.

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Definition of IFM as a Subject
 It is that branch of knowledge which
includes concepts, techniques and skills
relating to effective financial management
in multinational enterprises.

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Characteristics of IFM
1. Management of forex funds is core of function
2. Raising of funds and utilization are major
functions
3. It relates to manage exchange-rate and interest-
rate risks
4. It is partly theoretical and partly analytical in
nature
5. It is futuristic in approach
6. It is still an evolving subject

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Scope of IFM
1. International financial environment
2. Foreign exchange markets, spot and forward
3. Foreign exchange rate determination
4. Foreign exchange risk management
5. International capital budgeting
6. Capital structure problems of MNEs
7. Working capital management in MNEs
8. Tax management in MNEs
9. Global acquisition and mergers

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Significance and Importance of
IFM
1. Helps to become a successful global MNE
2. Helps in understanding complexities of global
environment
3. Helps in adjustment of impact of global financial
events
4. Allows to minimize the risks of foreign exchange
transactions
5. Helps to identify and exploit opportunities in
foreign markets

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What’s Special about
“International” Finance?
 Foreign Exchange Risk
 Political Risk
 Market Imperfections
 Expanded Opportunity Set

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What’s Special about
“International” Finance?
 Foreign Exchange Risk
 The risk that foreign currency profits may
evaporate in dollar terms due to unanticipated
unfavorable exchange rate movements.
 Political Risk
 Sovereign governments have the right to regulate
the movement of goods, capital, and people
across their borders. These laws sometimes
change in unexpected ways.

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What’s Special about
“International” Finance?
 Market Imperfections
 Legal restrictions on movement of

goods, people, and money


 Transactions costs

 Shipping costs

 Tax arbitrage

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What’s Special about
“International” Finance?
 Expanded Opportunity Set
 It doesn’t make sense to play in only

one corner of the sandbox.


 True for corporations as well as

individual investors.

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Goals for International Financial
Management
 The focus of the subject is to equip with the
“intellectual toolbox” of an effective global
manager—but what goal should this effective
global manager be working toward?
 Maximization of shareholder wealth?
or
 Other Goals?

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Maximization of Shareholders’
Wealth
 Long accepted as a goal in the Anglo-Saxon
countries, but complications arise.
 Who are and where are the

shareholders?
 In what currency should we maximize

their wealth?

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Other Goals
 In other countries shareholders are viewed as
merely one among many “stakeholders” of
the firm including:
 Employees
 Suppliers
 Customers
 In Japan, managers have typically sought to
maximize the value of the organization.

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Other Goals
 No matter what the other goals, they cannot
be achieved in the long term if the
maximization of shareholders/ corporate
wealth is not given due consideration along
with environmental and social concerns.

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Globalization of International
Finance: Recent Trends
 Emergence of Globalized Financial Markets
 Liberalization and Integration
 Privatization / Deregulation of Markets
 Disintermediation/Emergence of Equity Cult
 Emergence of New Markets like Hong Kong etc.
 Functional Unification (Banks Providing all
Functions)
 Innovations/Financial Engineering
 Automated Financial Services

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