Electronic Paper Technology: Submitted By, Shilpa Sabu S7 Ece Mcet

ELECTRONIC PAPER
TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by,
Shilpa Sabu
S7 ECE
MCET
CONTENTS
 What is E Paper
 Construction
 Technologies
 Properties
 Comparison
 Challenges
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Application
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
What is E-paper?
 The first E-paper was developed in 1974’s by Nicholas K

Sheridon at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center.
 E-paper is also called Electronic paper or Electronic ink
Display.
 Another name is smart paper or radio paper
 E-paper has a wide viewing angle.
 A digital pen is also used to create handwritten
document.
 It can be refreshed.
 E-paper is a portable, reusable storage and display
medium.
 It is capable of holding text and images.
 It is more comfortable to read than convectional display.
 It is flexible while using plastic materials and electronics.
 It can read directly from sunlight with out fading images.
CONSTRUCTION OF E-PAPER
 It has two different parts:
• Front plane
• Back plane
BACK PLANE
 The back consist of electronic circuits.
 Back plane is made up of organic thin film transistor
array which provide voltage needed by the E-paper.
Rubber stamped plastic circuitry for
e- paper
FRONT PLANE
 The front plane consist of E-ink.
 E-ink is made up of millions of tiny microcapsules.
 Microcapsules have diameter of the order of 100
microns.
 Each microcapsule contains positively charged white
particle and negatively charged black particles
suspended in a clear fluid.
 When an electric flied is applied, corresponding
particles move to the top of the microcapsule where
they become visible to the viewer.
 This makes the surface appear white or black at that spot.
TECHNOLOGIES PROPOSED SO FAR
 Gyricon
 Electrophoretic display
 Electrowetting
GYRICON
 First electronic paper.
 Polyethylene spheres (75-106 micrometers).
 Each sphere is a janus particle.
 Composed of negatively charged black plastic on one
side and positively charged white plastic on other side.
 Embedded in transparent silicone made sheet, with
each sphere suspended in a bubble of oil for rotation.
 Voltage applied to each pair of electrodes determines
whether the white or black side is face-up.
Applications
Gyricon can be used for products such as e-book, e-
newspaper, portable sign, rollable display etc.
LIMITATIONS OF THIS METHOD
1. Low brightness.
2. Low Resolution.
3. Lack of color.
ELECTROPHORETIC
 Electrophorestic frontplane consist of millions of micro

capsules.
 Capsule diameter is100 microns.
 Each micro capsule is filled with a fluid.
 Containing positively charged white particles and
negatively charged black particles.
 Gap between the two conducting plate is of the order
of 100 micrometers and the mixture is placed between
this plates.
 E- paper is created by sandwiching tiny plastic wells
between two sheets of flexible plastic.
 Well contains both white and black particles
suspended within a clear fluid.
 When electric voltage is applied,the particle will
migrate electrophoretically.
 Electrophoresis is a process of separating particles
based on the charge we applied.
 The particles will move to the plate which is bearing
the opposite charge.
 When negative field is applied the particles move to
bottom and thus there is hidden view.
 When a positive field is applied the particles move top.
 The image or text is generated by applying positive field.
 The disadvantage of this technology is that it take time
for the particle to move from one side to another.
ELECTROWETTING
 Based on phenomenon of Electrowetting effect.
 Electrowetting effect-controlling the shape of a
confined water/oil interfaced by an applied voltage.
 When no voltage
• Oil forms a flat film between water and hydrophobic
insulating coating on the electrode --- Colored pixel
 When a voltage is applied between electrode and
water
• the interfacial tension between the water and coating
changes.
 The stacked state is no longer stable, causing the water
to move the oil aside.
 This result in partly transparent pixel or, if a reflective
white surface is used under the switchable element, a
white pixel.
PROPERTIES of e-paper
 Ultra-thin and flexible energy cell.
 Eliminate the cost of battery, weight and volume of the
battery holder.
 Can be made into almost any shape and integrated on
almost any surface.
 Low cost and simple to produce, using printing process.
 Environmentally friendly.
 Keeps image in the memory until it is erased.
 No possibility of explosion, burns or overheating.
 Reflective characteristics.
 Excellent visibility.
COMPARISON OF E-PAPER & LCD
Electronic Paper Display Liquid Crystal Display
 Wide viewing angle  Best image only from one
 Readable in sunlight positon
 Holds image without  Difficult to see in sunlight

power drain  Require power to hold
 Plastic or glass images
 Light weight  Glass only
Thin(1mm)  Power supply and glass

make LCDs relatively
heavy
 Thick(7mm)
CHALLENGES OF E-PAPER
 The current e-paper color displays are of poor quality.

 Too expensive.
 There exist some obstacles facing the mass adoption of
e-paper technology.
 Current e-paper technology cannot render moving
images as well as other display technologies.
ADVANATGES
 Paper like Readability.
 Ultra-Low Power Consumption.
 Clarity.
 Reduced Eyestrain.
 Mobile Display Solution.
 Flexibility.
 Light weight and durable.
 Include Graphics.
 Inexpensive.
DISADVANTAGES
 Very low switching speed
 Electrochemical complexity
 Slow response to change
 Too slow for video
 Problems in extremes temperatures, humidity
APPLICATIONS
 Wristwatches
 E-book reader
 Digital school books
 Smart Card Display
 Mobile phones
 E-Newspaper
 Time Table at Stations
 Electronic Billboards
 Status displays
 Digital Photo Frames
FUTURE OF E-PAPER
 The next generation of e-Paper
readers will add color, include
improved hardware that can
refresh pages more quickly, and
have more
 Advanced wireless
capabilities.
 E-paper reader may soon replace
the age-old newspaper & possibly,
even certain types of books.
CONCLUSION
 Researches found that e-paper technology will lead us
to think of a truly paperless world.
 E-paper will help the school children by reducing heavy
back-breaking textbooks.
REFERENCES
 Anderson, P., D. Nelson, P. Svenson, M. Chen,
A. Malonstrom, T. Remonem, T. Kugler, M.
Berggren. 2002. “Active Matrix Displays
based on All-organic Electrochemical Smart
Pixels Pointed on Paper”. Adv Mater 2002.
14(20):1460-1464.
 “Electronic-Paper: The Electronic Display of the
future by Akwukwuma, V.V.N. and F.O. Chete.
2012.”. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology.
 E-paper Central. 2010. “E-Paper Technologies

Reference Guide”.
THANK YOU

Electronic Paper Technology: Submitted By, Shilpa Sabu S7 Ece Mcet

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electronic Paper Technology: Submitted By, Shilpa Sabu S7 Ece Mcet

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electronic Paper Technology: Submitted By, Shilpa Sabu S7 Ece Mcet

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ELECTRONIC PAPER

 The first E-paper was developed in 1974’s by Nicholas K

LIMITATIONS OF THIS METHOD

 Electrophorestic frontplane consist of millions of micro

 Holds image without  Difficult to see in sunlight

 Light weight  Glass only

Thin(1mm)  Power supply and glass

 The current e-paper color displays are of poor quality.

 E-paper Central. 2010. “E-Paper Technologies

You might also like