BASIC

LISTENING

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SURVIVAL
ENGLISH

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unable to breathe properly through your
nose because you have a cold
SYN bunged up

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stuffed-up adjective
unable to breathe properly through your
nose because you have a cold
SYN bunged up

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a liquid made by boiling meat or bones
and vegetables, which is used to make
soups or to add FLAVOUR to other dishes

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stock / stɒk $ stɑːk / noun
a liquid made by boiling meat or bones
and vegetables, which is used to make
soups or to add FLAVOUR to other dishes
chicken stock
vegetable stock

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the part of a camera through which the
light travels before it reaches the film :

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lens / lenz / noun [ countable ]
the part of a camera through which the
light travels before it reaches the film :
a standard 50 mm lens

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to cook something, such as meat, in an
oven or over a fire

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To roast to cook something, such as
meat, in an oven or over a fire

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a large piece of roasted meat : a

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roast
a large piece of roasted meat : a
traditional Sunday roast

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sweet food served after the main part of
a meal
for dessert
What are we having for dessert?

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dessert / dɪˈzɜːt $ -ɜːrt / noun [
uncountable and countable ]
sweet food served after the main part of
a meal
for dessert
What are we having for dessert?

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1. a thin close-fitting piece of clothing
that covers a woman’s leg and foot
2. old-fashioned a man’s sock

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stocking / ˈstɒkɪŋ $ ˈstɑː- / noun [
countable usually plural ]
1. a thin close-fitting piece of clothing
that covers a woman’s leg and foot →
tights
2. old-fashioned a man’s sock

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to cut food, especially meat, into very small
pieces, usually using a machine :

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To mince / mɪns / verb
[ transitive ] ( also mince something ↔ up ) to
cut food, especially meat, into very small
pieces, usually using a machine :
minced lamb

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a PIE filled with mincemeat, especially one
that people eat at Christmas

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mince pie noun [ countable ]
a PIE filled with mincemeat, especially one
that people eat at Christmas

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British English a national holiday in
England and Wales, on the day after
Christmas Day

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Boxing Day noun [ uncountable and
countable ]
British English a national holiday in
England and Wales, on the day after
Christmas Day

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1. especially British English a hot sweet
dish, made from cake, rice, bread etc
with fruit, milk, or other sweet things
added
2. especially American English a thick
sweet creamy dish, usually made with
milk, eggs, sugar, and flour, and served
cold
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pudding / ˈpʊdɪŋ / noun [ uncountable
and countable ]
1. especially British English a hot sweet
dish, made from cake, rice, bread etc
with fruit, milk, or other sweet things
added
2. especially American English a thick
sweet creamy dish, usually made with
milk, eggs, sugar, and flour, and served
cold : chocolate pudding
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to put paper or cloth over something to
cover it

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Wrap (also wrap up) to put paper or
cloth over something to cover it
wrap something in something
The present was beautifully wrapped in
gold paper.

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1. a bird that looks like a large chicken
and is often eaten at Christmas and at
Thanksgiving
2. the meat from a turkey eaten as food

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turkey /ˈtɜːki $ ˈtɜːrki/
1. a bird that looks like a large chicken
and is often eaten at Christmas and at
Thanksgiving
2. the meat from a turkey eaten as food:
roast turkey

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a vertical pipe that allows smoke from a
fire to pass out of a building up into the
air, or the part of this pipe that is above
the roof

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chimney / ˈtʃɪmni / noun [ countable ]
a vertical pipe that allows smoke from a
fire to pass out of a building up into the
air, or the part of this pipe that is above
the roof : We can’t light a fire because the
chimney hasn’t been swept.

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a group of very large tall stones that are arranged
in a large circle with a smaller circle inside it,
which stand on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire,
southern England. It is believed they were put
there about 4,000 years ago and were used for
studying the movements of the sun, moon, and
stars. Some people also believe that they were used
by the Druids (= ancient priests before the
Christian period ) in religious ceremonies.

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Stonehenge /stəʊnˈhendʒ◂ $ ˈstəʊnhendʒ /
a group of very large tall stones that are arranged
in a large circle with a smaller circle inside it,
which stand on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire,
southern England. It is believed they were put
there about 4,000 years ago and were used for
studying the movements of the sun, moon, and
stars. Some people also believe that they were used
by the Druids (= ancient priests before the
Christian period ) in religious ceremonies.

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1. relating to the time in history before
anything was written down : prehistoric
2. very old-fashioned – used humorously

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prehistoric / ˌpriːhɪˈstɒrɪk◂ $ -ˈstɔː-, -
ˈstɑː- / adjective
1. relating to the time in history before
anything was written down : prehistoric
burial grounds
prehistoric animals
2. very old-fashioned – used humorously
: a prehistoric attitude towards women
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Salisbury /ˈsɔːlzbəri $ -beri/
a city in southern England famous for its
large 13th century cathedral, which
attracts many tourists

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a large piece of open country in southern
England, used by the army as a training
area. STONEHENGE , a structure of stone
circles from 2500–1500 BC, is on
Salisbury Plain.

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Salisbury Plain /ˈsɔːlzbəri $ -beri/
a large piece of open country in southern
England, used by the army as a training
area. STONEHENGE , a structure of stone
circles from 2500–1500 BC, is on
Salisbury Plain.

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a special building or room that has
equipment for doing physical exercise

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gymnasium /dʒɪmˈneɪziəm/ a special
building or room that has equipment for
doing physical exercise
SYN gym
at/in a gym
I try and work out at the local gym once
a week.
I go to the gym as often as I can.
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a combination of two or more different
things, feelings, or types of people

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mixture / ˈmɪkstʃə $ -ər / noun
[ countable ] a combination of two or
more different things, feelings, or types
of people
mixture of
The town is a mixture of the old and the
new.
the mixture of different people living in
the city
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a slow sad style of music that came
from the southern US

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blues ( also the blues ) [ uncountable
] a slow sad style of music that came
from the southern US : a blues singer

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the main RHYTHM that a piece of
music or a poem has

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beat the main RHYTHM that a piece of
music or a poem has
a song with a beat you can dance to

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prepared to do something, or having
no reason to not want to do it

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willing / ˈwɪlɪŋ / adjective
[ not before noun ] prepared to do
something, or having no reason to
not want to do it
willing to do something
How much are they willing to pay?

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if something spreads or is spread, it
becomes larger or moves so that it
affects more people or a larger area

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spread / spred / verb ( past tense and
past participle spread )
if something spreads or is spread, it
becomes larger or moves so that it
affects more people or a larger area

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a type of dance music played by a big
band in the 1930s and 1940s that is
similar to JAZZ

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Swing a type of dance music played
by a big band in the 1930s and 1940s
that is similar to JAZZ

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thin clear plastic tape that is sticky
on one side, used for sticking things
together

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Sellotape / ˈseləteɪp, -loʊ- $ -lə-, -loʊ-
/ noun [ uncountable ] trademark
British English
thin clear plastic tape that is sticky
on one side, used for sticking things
together
a roll of Sellotape
sellotape verb [ transitive ]
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someone who pays rent for a room in
someone’s house
SYN boarder

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lodger / ˈlɒdʒə $ ˈlɑːdʒər / noun [
countable ]
someone who pays rent for a room in
someone’s house
SYN boarder American English
We have decided to take in lodgers to
help pay the mortgage.
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a large printed notice, picture, or
photograph, used to advertise
something or as a decoration

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poster /pəʊstə $ poʊstər / noun [
countable ]
a large printed notice, picture, or
photograph, used to advertise
something or as a decoration
A team of volunteers were putting up
posters .
a poster campaign for the election
poster for the poster for the exhibition
poster of posters of old movie stars
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to attach something to something else
using a substance, or to become
attached to a surface
stick something on/to/in etc
something

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stick / stɪk / verb ( past tense and past
participle stuck / stʌk / )
to attach something to something else
using a substance, or to become
attached to a surface
stick something on/to/in etc
something
Someone had stuck posters all over the
walls.
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used to emphasize that something
must definitely not happen :

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under no circumstances ( also in no
circumstances British English ) used
to emphasize that something must
definitely not happen :
Under no circumstances are you to go
out.

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(= only if a particular thing is agreed
to )

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on condition that formal (= only if a
particular thing is agreed to ) The
police released him on condition that
he return the following week.

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to interrupt someone so that they
cannot continue what they are doing

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disturb / dɪˈstɜːb $ -ɜːrb / verb [
transitive ]
to interrupt someone so that they
cannot continue what they are doing
Sorry to disturb you , but I have an
urgent message.

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used to introduce the only person, thing,
action, fact, or situation about which a
statement is not true :

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except / ɪkˈsept / conjunction , preposition
used to introduce the only person, thing,
action, fact, or situation about which a
statement is not true :
The office is open every day except
Sundays.
You can have any of the cakes except this
one.
except for
Everyone went except for Scott and Dan.
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to have an accident in a car, plane etc by
violently hitting something else

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crash / kræʃ / verb
to have an accident in a car, plane etc by
violently hitting something else
The jet crashed after take-off.
crash into/onto etc
The plane crashed into a mountain.
crash a car/bus/plane etc
He was drunk when he crashed the car.
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a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface
that often causes a lot of damage →
seismic

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earthquake / ˈɜːθkweɪk $ ˈɜːrθ- / noun [
countable ]
a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface
that often causes a lot of damage →
seismic :
An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the
Richter scale struck southern California
on June 28.

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to move somewhere very fast
SYN shoot
The train rocketed through the tunnel.
Larsson’s shot rocketed into the back of
the net.

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To rocket to move somewhere very fast
SYN shoot
The train rocketed through the tunnel.
Larsson’s shot rocketed into the back of
the net.

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if something rolls, especially something
round, or if you roll it, it moves along a
surface by turning over and over

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To roll / rəʊl $ roʊl / verb
if something rolls, especially something
round, or if you roll it, it moves along a
surface by turning over and over
roll down/into/through etc
The ball rolled into the street.
One of the eggs rolled off the counter.

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the force of an EARTHQUAKE

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magnitude / ˈmæɡnətjuːd, ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd $
-tuːd / noun the force of an EARTHQUAKE

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to move something to a position at the
centre of something else :

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To centre British English , center
American English verb [ transitive ]
to move something to a position at the
centre of something else :
The title isn’t quite centred on the page, is
it?

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to move slowly from one side to another

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sway /sweɪ/ verb
[ intransitive ] to move slowly from one
side to another
The trees swayed gently in the breeze.

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to move suddenly from side to side or up
and down, usually with a lot of force, or
to make something or someone do this:

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Shake /ʃeɪk/ verb (past tense shook /ʃʊk/,
past participle shaken /ˈʃeɪkən/) move
[intransitive and transitive]
to move suddenly from side to side or up
and down, usually with a lot of force, or
to make something or someone do this:
She shook him to wake him up.
She shook him to wake him up.
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to leave a place when someone is trying
to catch you or stop you, or when there is
a dangerous situation :

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escape / ɪˈskeɪp / verb
to leave a place when someone is trying
to catch you or stop you, or when there is
a dangerous situation :
He broke down the locked door and
escaped.
escape from/through/over etc
He escaped from prison in October.
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an official request for money that you
think you have a right to

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claim an official request for money that
you think you have a right to
claim for
claims for compensation

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someone who is set for something is
ready for it

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set (ADJ.) someone who is set for
something is ready for it
set for
Are you all set for the trip?
set to do something
I was just set to go when the phone rang.
Get set (= get ready )
for a night of excitement.
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having a wound or damage to part of
your body.

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injured /ˈɪndʒəd $ -ərd/ adjective
having a wound or damage to part of
your body → wounded : an injured bird
Chelsea have three injured players.
Grandpa was badly injured in the war.
The car accident left him seriously injured
.

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very small in degree or amount,
especially the smallest degree or amount
possible

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minimal /ˈmɪnəm ə l, ˈmɪnɪm ə l /
adjective
very small in degree or amount,
especially the smallest degree or amount
possible :
The storm caused only minimal damage
The cost to taxpayers would be minimal.

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topple / ˈtɒp ə l $ ˈtɑː- / verb
[ intransitive and transitive ] to become
unsteady and then fall over, or to make
something do this
topple over
A stack of plates swayed, and began to
topple over.

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to risk losing or spoiling something
important

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jeopardize ( also jeopardise British
English ) / ˈdʒepədaɪz $ -ər- / verb [
transitive ]
to risk losing or spoiling something
important
large-scale military offensives which could
jeopardize the UN peace process

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someone who does an activity just for
pleasure, not as their job

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amateur / ˈamətə, -tʃʊə, -tʃə, ˌæməˈtɜː $
ˈæmətʃʊr, -tər / noun [ countable ]
someone who does an activity just for
pleasure, not as their job
OPP professional
a gifted amateur
Mickelson won his first major golf
tournament while still an amateur.
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a reason that you have for opposing or
disapproving of something, or something

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objection / əbˈdʒekʃ ə n / noun
[ uncountable and countable ] a reason
that you have for opposing or
disapproving of something, or something
you say that expresses this
Her objection was that he was too young.
objection to

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all the people who work on a ship or
plane

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crew / kruː / noun
[ countable ] all the people who work on
a ship or plane
The plane crashed, killing two of the crew
and four passengers.
crew of
He joined the crew of a large fishing boat.

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an astronaut from the former Soviet
Union

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cosmonaut /ˈkɒzmənɔːt $ ˈkɑːzmənɒːt/
an astronaut from the former Soviet
Union

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someone who travels and works in a
spacecraft

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astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt $ -nɒːt, -nɑːt/
someone who travels and works in a
spacecraft

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to officially accept a plan, proposal etc

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approve / əˈpruːv / verb
[ transitive ] to officially accept a plan,
proposal etc
The conference approved a proposal for a
referendum.

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between or involving different
departments of a company, government
etc

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interdepartmental / ˌɪntəˌdiːpɑːtˈmentl $
ˌɪntərdɪˌpɑːrtˈmentl / adjective [ usually
before noun ]
between or involving different
departments of a company, government
etc : intense interdepartmental rivalry

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to allow a project, plan etc to begin
The government has given the green light
to Sunday trading.

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To give somebody/something the green
light
to allow a project, plan etc to begin : The
government has given the green light to
Sunday trading.

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an area in central London famous for its
SEX SHOPS and GAY bars, and also as a
place where there are many shops and
restaurants selling foreign food,
especially Chinese and Italian food

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Soho / ˈsəʊhəʊ /
an area in central London famous for its
SEX SHOPS and GAY bars, and also as a
place where there are many shops and
restaurants selling foreign food,
especially Chinese and Italian food

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an area of a town

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quarter an area of a town :
I found a small flat in the student quarter.
Granada’s ancient Arab quarter
a historic quarter of the city

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to do something to show that you
remember and respect someone
important or an important event in the
past

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commemorate / kəˈmeməreɪt / verb [
transitive ]
to do something to show that you
remember and respect someone
important or an important event in the
past :
a parade to commemorate the town’s
bicentenary
— commemorative / kəˈmem ə rətɪv /
adjective :
a commemorative plaque
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an image of a person or animal that is
made in solid material such as stone or
metal and is usually large

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statue / ˈstætʃuː / noun [ countable ]
an image of a person or animal that is
made in solid material such as stone or
metal and is usually large
Churchill’s statue stands outside the
parliament building.
A bronze statue was erected in his honour.
statue of
Statues of Lenin were torn down all across
Eastern Europe.
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a high rank in the British or US navy, or
someone with this rank

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admiral / ˈædm ə rəl / noun [ countable ]
a high rank in the British or US navy, or
someone with this rank

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not seen or found very often, or not
happening very often

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rare / reə $ rer / adjective ( comparative
rarer , superlative rarest )
not seen or found very often, or not
happening very often
OPP common → unusual
This species of plant is becoming
increasingly rare.

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a large public garden where many
different types of flowers and plants are
grown for scientific study

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Botanical/botanic garden noun [
countable ]
a large public garden where many
different types of flowers and plants are
grown for scientific study

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a ship with guns that is used in a war

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warship / ˈwɔːˌʃɪp $ ˈwɔːr- / noun [
countable ]
a ship with guns that is used in a war

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1. [ uncountable ] a group of valuable
things such as gold, silver, jewels etc
buried/hidden/sunken treasure
2. [ countable ] a very valuable and
important object such as a painting or
ancient document

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treasure / ˈtreʒə $ -ər / noun
1. [ uncountable ] a group of valuable
things such as gold, silver, jewels etc
buried/hidden/sunken treasure
2. [ countable ] a very valuable and
important object such as a painting or
ancient document : The Book of Kells is
Trinity College’s greatest treasure.

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the main church of a particular area
under the control of a BISHOP

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cathedral / kəˈθiːdrəl / noun [ countable ]
the main church of a particular area
under the control of a BISHOP
St Paul’s Cathedral
cathedral city British English (= one with
a cathedral )

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a young girl, or a woman who is not
married

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maiden / ˈmeɪdn / noun [ countable ]
literary a young girl, or a woman who is
not married
SYN damsel

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resulting in someone’s death :

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fatal / ˈfeɪtl / adjective
resulting in someone’s death :
potentially fatal diseases
fatal accident/illness/injury etc
a fatal climbing accident

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to start a journey, especially a long
journey

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set out to start a journey, especially a
long journey
set out for
Kate set out for the house on the other
side of the bay.
set out on a journey/drive/voyage etc
The band are setting out on a European
tour in March.

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folk art, stories, customs etc are traditional
and typical of the ordinary people who live in
a particular area

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folk adjective [ only before noun ]
folk art, stories, customs etc are traditional
and typical of the ordinary people who live in
a particular area
folk tales
an Irish folk song

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the feeling that an event or place gives
you

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atmosphere / ˈætməsfɪə $ -fɪr / noun
the feeling that an event or place gives
you
The hotel had a lovely relaxed atmosphere
The atmosphere at home was rather tense.
atmosphere of
An atmosphere of optimism dominated the
conference.
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1. coming from or existing in the hottest
parts of the world
tropical diseases/medicine (= diseases
that are common in hot countries or the
study of these diseases )
2. weather that is tropical is very hot and
wet
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tropical / ˈtrɒpɪk ə l $ ˈtrɑː- / adjective
1. coming from or existing in the hottest
parts of the world : the tropical rain
forests
tropical fruit
tropical diseases/medicine (= diseases
that are common in hot countries or the
study of these diseases )
2. weather that is tropical is very hot and
wet : a steamy tropical night
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very strong thick string, made by
twisting together many thinner strings :
They tied a rope around my waist and
pulled me up.

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rope / rəʊp $ roʊp / noun very strong
thick string, made by twisting together
many thinner strings :
They tied a rope around my waist and
pulled me up.

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very strong thick string, made by
twisting together many thinner strings :
They tied a rope around my waist and
pulled me up.

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1. sheets, TABLECLOTH s etc :
2. cloth made from the FLAX plant, used
to make high quality clothes, home
decorations etc

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linen / ˈlɪnən, ˈlɪnɪn / noun [uncountable]
1. sheets, TABLECLOTH s etc :
bed linen
table linen
2. cloth made from the FLAX plant, used
to make high quality clothes, home
decorations etc :
a linen jacket
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extremely

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incredibly / ɪnˈkredəbli, ɪnˈkredɪbli /
adverb
[ +adjective/adverb ] informal extremely
: Nicotine is incredibly addictive.

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used when you want to emphasize that
you mean all of a group, period of time,
amount etc

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entire / ɪnˈtaɪə $ -ˈtaɪr / adjective [ only
before noun ]
used when you want to emphasize that
you mean all of a group, period of time,
amount etc
SYN whole
It was the worst day in my entire life.

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behaviour that is intended to hurt other
people physically :

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violence / ˈvaɪələns / noun [ uncountable ]
1 behaviour that is intended to hurt
other people physically :
There is too much sex and violence on TV
these days.
violence against
violence against women

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to send out radio or television
programmes

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To broadcast
to send out radio or television
programmes
The interview was broadcast live across
Europe.

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the sport or activity of making a boat
move through water with OAR s

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rowing / ˈrəʊɪŋ $ ˈroʊ- / noun [
uncountable ]
the sport or activity of making a boat
move through water with OAR s

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a game between two teams of 11 players
in which players try to get points by
hitting a ball and running between two
sets of three sticks

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coastline / ˈkəʊstlaɪn $ ˈkoʊst- / noun [
countable ]
the land on the edge of the coast,
especially the shape of this land as seen
from the air
California’s rugged coastline
a beautiful stretch of coastline
along/around the coastline
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a game between two teams of 11 players
in which players try to get points by
hitting a ball and running between two
sets of three sticks

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cricket / ˈkrɪkət, ˈkrɪkɪt / noun
a game between two teams of 11 players
in which players try to get points by
hitting a ball and running between two
sets of three sticks

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to travel around an area in order to find
out about it

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explore / ɪkˈsplɔː $ -ˈsplɔːr /to travel
around an area in order to find out
about it :
Venice is a wonderful city to explore.

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a game played by two people who use
RACKET s to hit a small rubber ball
against the walls of a square court :

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squash
a game played by two people who use
RACKET s to hit a small rubber ball
against the walls of a square court :
a squash court

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a place or building where you can skate

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skating rink noun [ countable ]
a place or building where you can skate
SYN ice rink

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someone who is watching an event or
game

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spectator / spekˈteɪtə $ ˈspekteɪtər / noun
[ countable ]
someone who is watching an event or
game → audience
The match attracted over 40,000
spectators.

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