Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 61 views

    Experimental Study Design

    Uploaded by

    proners samratulangi
    This document discusses different types of experimental study designs. It begins by explaining the key elements of experimental research, including randomization, manipulation, and the control condition. It then describes different types of experimental designs, from pre-experimental to quasi-experimental to true experimental. Quasi-experimental designs attempt to establish a causal relationship but lack random assignment to conditions. True experimental designs, like randomized controlled trials, use random assignment and aim to establish causality. The document outlines various true experimental designs, including randomized block designs and factorial designs. It concludes by discussing crossover designs and critiques of experimental research methodology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Experimental Study Design

    Uploaded by

    proners samratulangi
    61 views43 pages
    This document discusses different types of experimental study designs. It begins by explaining the key elements of experimental research, including randomization, manipulation, and the control condition. It then describes different types of experimental designs, from pre-experimental to quasi-experimental to true experimental. Quasi-experimental designs attempt to establish a causal relationship but lack random assignment to conditions. True experimental designs, like randomized controlled trials, use random assignment and aim to establish causality. The document outlines various true experimental designs, including randomized block designs and factorial designs. It concludes by discussing crossover designs and critiques of experimental research methodology.

    Original Title

    Experimental study design.pptx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses different types of experimental study designs. It begins by explaining the key elements of experimental research, including randomization, manipulation, and the control condition. It then describes different types of experimental designs, from pre-experimental to quasi-experimental to true experimental. Quasi-experimental designs attempt to establish a causal relationship but lack random assignment to conditions. True experimental designs, like randomized controlled trials, use random assignment and aim to establish causality. The document outlines various true experimental designs, including randomized block designs and factorial designs. It concludes by discussing crossover designs and critiques of experimental research methodology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    61 views43 pages

    Experimental Study Design

    Uploaded by

    proners samratulangi
    This document discusses different types of experimental study designs. It begins by explaining the key elements of experimental research, including randomization, manipulation, and the control condition. It then describes different types of experimental designs, from pre-experimental to quasi-experimental to true experimental. Quasi-experimental designs attempt to establish a causal relationship but lack random assignment to conditions. True experimental designs, like randomized controlled trials, use random assignment and aim to establish causality. The document outlines various true experimental designs, including randomized block designs and factorial designs. It concludes by discussing crossover designs and critiques of experimental research methodology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 43

    QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL,

    EXPERIMENTAL STUDY DESIGN

    Presenter: Nguyen Thi Anh Thu,


    Nguyen Van Giang
    Instructor: Professor Kuei-Min Chen
    CONTENTS
    1. Essential elements of experimental research.
    - Randomization

    - Manipulation

    - The control condition

    II. Type of Experimental design


    - Pre-experimental design

    - Quasi-Experimental design.

    - True experimental designs

    III. Strengths and limitation of experimental designs

    2
    I. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY DESIGNS

     To provide the greatest amount of control possible to examine


    causality more closely.
     To examine cause, one must eliminate all factors influencing
    the DV other than the cause (IV) being studied.
     Other factors are eliminated by being controlled.

     Controlled experiments are considered the gold standard


    yielding reliable evidence about cause and effect.
     Experimenters can be relatively confident in the authenticity of
    causal relationships because they are observed under control
    conditions and typically meet the criteria for establishing
    causality.

    3
    4
    DESIGN TERMINOLOGY

    5
     The three elements of experimental research are (1)
    Manipulation, (2) Control, (3) Randomization

    (1) Manipulation: The researcher does something to at


    least some participants – There are some types of
    intervention.

    (2) Control: Usually, control group does not receive the


    intervention.

    (3) Randomization: the researcher assign participants to


    a control or experimental condition on a random basis.

    6
    (1) MANIPULATION
     Experimenters manipulate the IV by administering a treatment
    (or intervention) I to some people and withholding it from
    others (C), or administering different treatment.
     Experimental deliberately vary the IV ( the presume cause) and
    observe the effect from outcome (O).
    For example:
    Experimental group: R O1 X O2
    Control group : R O1 O2
    + Among the question researcher need to address are the
    following:
    - What is the intervention, and how does it differ from usual
    method of care?
    - What is specific procedure are to be used with those receiving
    7
    the intervention?
    - What is the dosage or intensity of the intervention?

    - Over how long a period with the intervention be administered ,


    and how frequently will it be administered, and when will the
    treatment begin?

    - Who will administer the intervention? What are their


    credentials, and what type of training will they receive?

    - Under what conditions will the intervention be withdraw or


    altered?

    - + The most goals of RCTs is to have identical intervention for


    all people in the treatment group. 8
    (2) THE CONTROL CONDITION
     The term control group refer to a group of participants whose
    performance on an outcome is used to evaluate the
    performance of treatment group on the same outcome
     The control condition is a proxy for an ideal counterfactual.
     Decision of choosing counterfactual base on theoretical
    ground, practical or ethical concern, in some research, control
    group no receive treatment.
     Possibilities for the counterfactual include the following:
    + An alternative intervention: Participants receive two different
    9
    treatment: music versus massage for pain relief.
    + Standard methods of care: that’s , the usual procedure used to
    care for patient, the most typical condition in nursing studies.
    + Placebo presumed to have no therapeutic value. Placebo is used
    to control for no pharmaceutical effects of drug.
    ( some patients get drug experiment and others get an innocuous
    substances.
    + Different dosage or intensities of treatment: wherein all
    participants get some type of intervention: richer, more intense, or
    longer. ( dose-response effects).
    + Wait-list control group: with delayed treatment, the control
    group eventually receives the full experimental intervention, after
    all research outcome are assessed.

    10
    (3) RANDOMIZATION
     Randomization also called random assignment or random
    allocation.

     Involve assigning participant to treatment condition at random.

     Random mean that participants have an equal chance of being


    assigned to any group.

     If people are placed in groups randomly, there is no systematic


    bias in the groups with respect to pre-intervention attributes that
    are potential confounders and could affect outcome.

    11
     Randomization procedure:
     The success of randomization depends on two factor:

    + The allocation process should be truly random.


    + There must be strict adherence to the randomization schedule.
    - Allocation concealment is intended to prevent biases that could
    stem from knowledge of allocation before assignment actually
    occur.
    - The timing of randomization is also important. Study eligibility -
    whether person meets the criteria for inclusion - should be
    ascertained before randomization.
    - Baseline data should occur before randomization to rule out any
    possibility that group assignment might affect baseline
    measurement.
    12
    BLINDING AND MASKING
     A procedure called blinding (or masking) is often used in RCTs
    to prevent biases stemming from awareness.
     Blinding involved concealing information from participant,
    intervention agent, or data analysts to enhance objectively and
    minimize expectation bias.
     When blinding is used with only one group of people ( study
    participant), it is sometime describe as a single-blind study.
     When it is possible to mask with two groups ( those delivering
    an intervention and those receiving it), it is sometime called
    double-blind.
    13
    4. VARIABLE

    14
    5. STEP IN CONDUCT EXPERIMENT RESEARCH

    15
    16
    THREAT TO EXTERNAL VALIDITY

    17
    II. TYPE OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

    18
    2.1. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

    19
    THE ONE-GROUP PRE-POSTTEST DESIGN

    20
    2.2 QUASI- EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

    21
    NONRANDOMIZED GROUP DESIGN

    22
    23
    24
    ADVANTAGE OF QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

    25
    DISADVANTAGE

    26
    2.3 TRUE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
    1. Classic Experimental design.

    27
    28
    2. Experimental Posttest-only comparison Group Design.

    29
    30
    Basic experimental (randomization) Designs

    31
    3. RANDOMIZED BLOCKED DESIGN (RBD)

     RBD uses the two-group pretest-posttest pattern or two-group


    posttest pattern with one condition: a blocking variable.

     The blocking variable, if uncontrolled, is expected to


    confounding the finding of the study.

     To prevent this confusion, the subject are rank ordered in


    relation to the blocking variable.

     This process ensure that the experimental group and the


    control group are equal in relation to the potentially
    confounding variable. 32
    FOR EXAMPLE: GENDER IS CONFOUNDING VARIABLE, WE BLOCK
    GENDER.

    33
    4 FACTORIAL DESIGN
     Two or more different characteristics, treatment, or event are
    independently varied within a single study.
     This design is a logical approach to examining multi-causality.

     The simplest arrangement refer to 2 * 2 factors: there are two


    treatment or factors, within each factor, two levels are
    manipulated.
     Extension of the factorial design to more that two levels of
    variance are to refer to as N * M factorial design.
    For example: 3 * 3 or 4 * 4.
     Factorial design are not limited to two independent variable:
    however, interpretation of large numbers becomes more
    complex and required greater knowledge of statistical analysis.

    34
    Control
    group

    35
    36
    5. CROSSOVER OR COUNTERBALANCED DESIGN

     In some studies: More than one treatment is administered to each


    subject. The treatment are provided sequentially rather than
    concurrently.
     Comparison are then made of the effect of the different treatments
    on the same subject. The direct interaction of one treatment with
    another can confound differences in the two treatment.
     Crossover is a strategy designed to guard against possible
    erroneous conclusion resulting from carryover effect.
     The design must allow for an adequate interval between treatment
    to dissipate the effect of the first treatment. The interval refer to as
    a washout period.
    37
    Crossover design

    38
    CROSSOVER DESIGN

    39
    40
    CRITIQUE FOR EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

    41
    CRITIQUE (CON’T)

    42
    Thank you very much

    43

    You might also like