OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

 What is operations?
 The part of a business organization that is
responsible for producing goods or services
 How can we define operations management?
 The management of systems or processes that
create goods and/or provide services
INPUT TRANSFORMATION OUTPUT

• People • Test • Test Results

• Test request Performance • Consultation
• Specimen • Personnel • Salaries
• Information • Instrument • Information
• Supplies • Expertise • Waste
• Financial
Resources
 Policy and Procedure Manual
 Work Flow and Laboratory Design
 Laboratory Information System
OBJECTIVES:
• Explain the needs and purpose of laboratory
policies and procedures.
• Write a general department policy.
• Prepare a technical procedure based on the
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory
Standards.
 Policy
 Statement or memo that outlines the institution’s
position on an administrative or operational issue.
 Procedures
 Instructional document that provides
explanations and step-by-step directions on how
to perform a task, test or process.
 Policy Manual
 A manual that contains policies that apply to the
general and over-all operations of the institution.
 Procedure Manual
 A manual containing procedures that apply to
specific work tasks and duties.
 External
Internal Manual
Manual

Laboratory Specimen Quality

Administrative Technical Safety
Service Collection Manual Manual Manual
Management
Manual Manual Manual
 Laboratory Service Manual
 A manual designed for external users of the
laboratory
 Covers policies and procedures concerning
operational factors, such as:
▪ Business hours
▪ Service provided
▪ Specimen submission requirement
▪ Billing practices
 Specimen Collection Manual
 A manual, or section of the laboratory service
manual, that contains detailed instructions for
patients and health care providers for collecting,
labelling, storing, rejecting, transporting and
delivering specimens to the laboratory
 Administrative Manuals
 Policies that apply to the entire laboratory
▪ Work schedules
▪ Vacation and holiday staffing
▪ Dress codes
▪ Telephone use
▪ Call-ins and other request for changes in schedules
▪ Supervisory delegation and responsibility
 Technical Manual
 A procedure manual that contains information
and step-by-step instructions for operating
instruments and performing individual tests, tasks
and duties.
 Arranged according to discipline/sections (Clinical
Chemistry, Hematology, etc.)
 Procedures for calibration
 Specimen collection
 Quality control
 Safety
 Actual test performance
 Trouble shooting
 Reporting of results
 Safety Manual
 Instructions for handling dangerous substance/
biological samples
 Quality Management Manual
 Over-all policies, procedures and rules regarding
quality of laboratory service
 Organized by topic
 Presented in an outlined model with subject
heading.
 Simple statement, with a discussion of a topic
 E.g. (Dress code) “All clerical and administrative
staff will present a professional appearance at all
times”. Then, a list of acceptable and
unacceptable personal grooming items.
 Dress codes
 Food and smoking rules
 Telephone use
 Enforcement of safety rules
 Laboratory organization and reporting
relationship
 Absences and late-notifications
 Supply requisitions
 Reporting and releasing of test results
 Detailed and comprehensive
 Must provide specific guidelines based on
regulatory agencies.
 NCCLS – National Committee for Clinical Laboratory
Standards
 JCAHO – Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health
Care Organization
 CAP – College of American Pathologist
 AABB – American Association of Blood Banks
 OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
 Items found on Laboratory Technical Manual:
 Name of test, procedure, task or duty
 Effective date and any subsequent changes
 Short summary of the main elements of the procedure, or
a list of items that may frequently be checked or looked up
▪ Wavelenght
▪ Specimen or reagent volume
▪ Calculations
 Brief discussion of the principle
 Specimen requirements, patient preparation and rejection
criteria
 Instrumentation, equipment and glasswares requirement and
care
 Reagents and preparation
 Calibration and control materials
 Calibration procedures
 Quality control procedures
 Primary problem detection
 Actual testing procedure
 Calculations and interpretation of result
 Normal reference range, along with critical values
 Troubleshooting
 List of references
 Any Questions?
OBJECTIVES:
• Describe the workflow and spatial design factors
that must be incorporated into the physical layout
plan of the laboratory
• Use the tools of work flow and design in preparing a
functional narrative document for a laboratory
building or re-modeling project.
 The planning and designing of the physical
and structural relationships of work and
workplace.
 Where the laboratory is located?
 How it received and process specimen?
 Spatial relationship of each section
 Physical layout of work areas and instruments
1. Interface with customers, patients and other
users
2. Internal process
 How the work is done within the laboratory
itself.
 Interact in 2 directions
 Intake or requisition of requests and specimens
for laboratory services
 Return of information and results
Patient Laboratory
• Test Request • Lab Result
 Flexibility and Modulation
 Flexibility in design and physical layout allows
laboratory to readily adapt to changing space
needs.
 Modulation in structural components enables
flexibility.
 Functional and Spatial Design
 “Optimal Productivity”- goal in planning physical
and structural design
 Enhance the work being performed and adapt to
the needs of the people rather than being
impediment that must be adapted to.
 Space allocation
 Sufficient room for personnel, equipments,
supplies, patients, and traffic generated by the
activities involved
 Ergonomic planning for enhanced
productivity
 Cabinetry, workstations
 Placement of utilities
 Plumbing, ventilation, lighting, electrical outlets for
equipments and computers
 Traffic flow
 Personnel, patients, equipments
 Safety Equipments and design
 Ventilation, showers, containment and disposal of
waste, PPE
 Staff facilities
 Lavatories, locker rooms, eating areas
Work Flow and Design Project
Phase 1: Laboratory Responsibility
• Functional Narrative Document
• Initial Schematic Drawings
Phase 2: Architectural and Engineering Responsibility
• Design Development Drawings
• Final Working Drawings
• Project Manual
Phase 3: Construction
 Planning stage
 Describe the purpose, functions, relationship
and activities of the area under construction
 Prepared for the engineers/architects in order
to layout a formal plan and construction
agreements.
 Type of task and movement
 Volume of activities (traffic generated)
 Nature and structural needs (power, utilities,
counterspace, etc)
 Kinds of instruments and equipments that
will be present
 Communication links (telephone, intercom,
computer)
 Number of personnel and staffing patterns
 Supply requirements
 Plans for LIS (wiring, location of terminals/
equipments)
 Distance and physical structures between 2
or more areas that must closely interact for
the work to be completed.
 Bubble drawings
 Series of circles, or bubbles, that represents a
function or area.
▪ E.g. Specimen processing, Hematology, etc)
 Depict flow of information and work task using
lines and arrows to show direction and
connections in the relationship.
 Block and Schematic drawings
 Preliminary floor plans or sketches, representing
the first effort of an architect to put FND on
paper.
 Department Relationship Matrix
 Shows areas that interact and also quantifies the
degree of coordination involved in the interaction.
 This allows design team to set priorities in space
and location arrangements and in determining
the spatial and structural characteristics of the
facility.
 Building Models
 Life-like, built-to-scale replicas or color-coded
blocks that represents people, counter, furniture
and instruments.
 Can be moved around on a floor graph to display a
variety of configurations and design options.
 Graphical Depiction Documents
 Schematic Drawing
▪ Descriptive title given to the first attempt and draft of
how the architects have interpreted the information
provided in the FND.
 Design Development Drawing
▪ A preliminary floor plan or blueprint draft that includes
construction details and layout patterns.
 Working Drawings and Project Manual
 Working Drawings
▪ Final blueprints that will be used for construction of the
project
 Project Manual (“spec book”)
▪ Document that contains the working drawings and
detailed information on the types of building materials
and construction techniques to be used
 Any Questions?
OBJECTIVES:
• Explain the characteristics and activities of an
information system.
• Describe major components of a computer-based
information system
• Develop a plan for the selection and installation of
a laboratory information system
 Collection of interlinked and dependent parts
that are organized to:
 collect and input data,
 process the data into information
 output the information to users,
 and provide feedback to the system
with the goal of meeting the complete
information needs of the organization.
 Data
 Raw elements or facts, that by themselves have
no meanings, but when organized and evaluated
have a potential to reveal information.
 Information
 Data that have been processed, sorted, and
presented in such a manner that it increases the
knowledge of the user
Information Processing Output

Data Processing Information

 Information system that uses the
components and technology of computers
 Components:
 Hardware
▪ Computer hardware, input devices, CPU, output device
 Software
▪ Programs /instructions
 Computer Networks – configuration designed to
have many users simultaneously share programs
files
▪ Host-Based LIS
▪ LAN interfaced with central controlling CPU, whose program
determines how data are received, processed or disseminated.
▪ Client-Server LIS
▪ Open-system that allows users to tap into the LIS, extract
information they want, present it in a format they wish.
 Complete network of computer components
design to incorporate all aspects of the
informational needs of the laboratory and its
customers;
 intake of requests,
 processing of workflow,
 to the delivery of results.
 Patient parameters
 Test Information
 Work list
 Test Results Record
 Special processing requirements
 Master Test list
 Financial functions
 Productivity and workload monitoring
 Quality Management
 Interface with other computer system
 Assess informational needs of the laboratory.
 Conduct system analysis of the information
and work flow of the laboratory
 Selecting and purchasing an LIS, complete
with program options and necessary
hardware and software.
 Formal process of studying a problem and
creating a solution.
 Identify needs of the laboratory, and design
the computer system
 Meet the goals and objectives established for the
system
System Analysis and Design
 Any Questions?
 Group
 Create a 3D model of a section in the laboratory
emphasizing a design that provides optimal
productivity in its operations.
 Deadline: September 22, 2018
 402 Bacteriology and Blood Bank
 401 Clinical Chemistry