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    Urban Rural Continuum - : The Merging of Town and Country

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    Vishnu Rajeev
    The document discusses the rural-urban continuum concept, which proposes that rural and urban areas exist on a linear scale rather than as distinct categories. It notes that rural areas were traditionally small, isolated communities with close social bonds, while urban areas had larger, more diverse populations. However, processes like suburbanization and counterurbanization have blurred the lines between rural and urban. The concept of a continuum emphasizes the gradual transition between rural and urban characteristics rather than a clear breakpoint. The document examines different approaches to defining and conceptualizing the rural-urban continuum.

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    Urban Rural Continuum - : The Merging of Town and Country

    Uploaded by

    Vishnu Rajeev
    2K views10 pages
    The document discusses the rural-urban continuum concept, which proposes that rural and urban areas exist on a linear scale rather than as distinct categories. It notes that rural areas were traditionally small, isolated communities with close social bonds, while urban areas had larger, more diverse populations. However, processes like suburbanization and counterurbanization have blurred the lines between rural and urban. The concept of a continuum emphasizes the gradual transition between rural and urban characteristics rather than a clear breakpoint. The document examines different approaches to defining and conceptualizing the rural-urban continuum.

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    Urban Rural Continuum

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    Urban Rural Continuum

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    The document discusses the rural-urban continuum concept, which proposes that rural and urban areas exist on a linear scale rather than as distinct categories. It notes that rural areas were traditionally small, isolated communities with close social bonds, while urban areas had larger, more diverse populations. However, processes like suburbanization and counterurbanization have blurred the lines between rural and urban. The concept of a continuum emphasizes the gradual transition between rural and urban characteristics rather than a clear breakpoint. The document examines different approaches to defining and conceptualizing the rural-urban continuum.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views10 pages

    Urban Rural Continuum - : The Merging of Town and Country

    Uploaded by

    Vishnu Rajeev
    The document discusses the rural-urban continuum concept, which proposes that rural and urban areas exist on a linear scale rather than as distinct categories. It notes that rural areas were traditionally small, isolated communities with close social bonds, while urban areas had larger, more diverse populations. However, processes like suburbanization and counterurbanization have blurred the lines between rural and urban. The concept of a continuum emphasizes the gradual transition between rural and urban characteristics rather than a clear breakpoint. The document examines different approaches to defining and conceptualizing the rural-urban continuum.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    URBAN RURAL CONTINUUM_ the merging of town and country

    8TH AUGUST 2016 TOWN PLANNING

    ARCHANA MURALIDHARAN
    ASWATHY.A
    INTRODUCTION

    RURAL-URBAN CONTINUUM proposes a linear depiction of the contrasting natures of social relationships characteristic of
    rural and urban settlements.

    This was a popular conceptual tool to classify different types of community and the transition between

    Continuum means continuity.

    By rural-urban continuum is meant “continuity from the village to the city.

    One end of this continuous scale is the village: the other is the city.

    Both these social formations are in ceaseless interaction.


    That is the reason why villagers show the profound impact of city life on them and certain cultural traits from villages are
    developed in cities. The continuum also shows that the development is from the village to the city. Over time, villages are
    transformed into towns and cities.
    It arose from early 20th century sociology attempting to understand the social changes consequent upon rapid urbanization.
    Life in the countryside occurred in small, geographically isolated settlements which were socially homogeneous, with high
    levels of mutual communication and social solidarity, and which changed very slowly ,Urban communities were attributed the
    opposite characteristics

    Rural and urban areas have changed due to 4 main processes :


    1. Counter Urbanisation : the movement of people and businesses away
    from towns and cities to rural areas

    2. Suburbanisation : the movement of people from the inner city areas to


    the suburbs of towns and cities leading to the growth of the suburbs and
    the extension of the urban area

    3. Re-Urbanisation : the movement of people and businesses back to the


    CBD and Inner City due to redevelopment and regeneration

    4. Intra-urban migration : Any population movements made within urban


    areas e.g. as families develop and their housing needs change this is
    reflected in their intra-urban migration
    Though their functioning is relatively inter-dependent
    and inter-functional, they are at large treated as
    separate entities and their planning is also generally
    done in isolation.

    The increasing population has to get accommodated in


    the urban areas, especially in the developing world to
    increase the level of education, awareness in order to
    make advancements at par with the developed world
    in the future times, but the usefulness of the both of
    them can’t be over-rated in any sense.

    The urbanites has to be circulated by a large amount of


    agricultural and rural products, without which their
    survival will become the question of their existence and
    rural population needs the market where there products
    can be sold out as it’s the major part of their earning.
    Robert Redfield (1930) has made an important contribution to develop
    the concept of folk, rural and urban continuum.

    He has constructed a continuum from small rural villages to large cities.


    More urban means that population is more secular, more individualistic
    and with a greater division of labour.

    The rapid process of urbanization, establishment of new


    technologically developed industries in rural areas (near to the urban
    centres) have exercised a great impact on rural life.

    The spread of modem industrial traits has decreased considerably the


    differences between the two is not visible. Thus, invisible rural and urban
    cultural boundaries have made It difficult to draw a line of distinction.

    Hence, the marginal areas show amalgamation and continuation of


    cultural traits of both the societies.
    The concept of rural-urban continuum to stress the idea that there are no sharp
    breaking points to be found in the degree or quantity of rural-urban differences.

    Robert Redfield has given the concept of rural -urban continuum on the basis of his
    study of Mexican peasants of Tepoztlain. The rapid process of urbanization through
    the establishment of industries, urban traits and facilities has decreased the
    differences between villages and cities.
    DEFINING RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

    L. Louis Wirth of the Chicago School, in his highly influential essay ‘Urbanism as a Way of Life’ (American Journal of Sociology,
    1938), thought cities distinctive because they were large, dense and heterogeneous and that this produced the transient,
    disorderly, anonymous and formal associational relationships of urban living.

    Rural population size differs between countries - UK : 10,000; France :


    2000; Ireland :200
    Functions in rural areas thought to be :
    -Land use dominated by agriculture, forestry and open spaces
    -Contains smaller settlements
    -Based on a way of life characterised by close knit communities

    The concept of rural-urban continuum is based on the assumption of rural-urban differences.

    According to G. V. Fuguitt, ‘If rural-urban sociology is to continue a specialized sub-field and has a
    meaningful conceptual basis, the need for a new orientation is evident.’

    Professor Bertrand made the following observation: ‘Proponents of the continuum theory feel that
    rural-urban differences occur in a relative degree in a range extending between two polar extremes
    of rural and urban.
    Cloke's 1979 model of urban-rural continuum structure shows how land-use might change with distance from the city. In this
    model, there is no single typical rural settlement, but rather a spectrum between declining villages in the deep countryside to
    suburbanised villages and overspill towns in the urban fringe (see diagram below, after Cloke, 1970).

    CLOKE’S INDEX OF RURALITY

    Cloke’s index categorises all areas of England and Wales into four
    criteria:
    extreme rural,
    intermediate rural,
    intermediate non-rural and
    extreme non-rural; as well as urban areas.

    Cloke used 16 different ways of drawing the conclusions, all of which


    lead to the measure of an area’s rurality.

    CLOKE’S INDEX OF RURALITY


    Occupancy rates
    Commuting
    Female population (15-44)
    Amenities
    Population density
    Agricultural employment
    Elderly population
    Remoteness (distance to 50,000)
    Continuum Debate:

    1. Both the concepts rural and urban are not adequately defined. There is lack of universal definition
    of village or town.

    -If people still have on the traditional distinction between rural and urban society then there Is either a
    western bias or the superimposition of the western theory on the Indian society

    2. Rate of urbanisation may be very slow.

    3. Both rural community and urban community have been subjected to change for which strict
    distinction between village community and urban community is steadily diminishing.

    4. .Urban fringe is a place which brings greater linkage between the rural and urban community. In
    due course, urban fringe gets developed into a town.
    THANK YOU

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