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Fuel Injection and Ignition

The document discusses fuel injection and ignition systems for internal combustion engines. It provides information on: - How fuel injection systems work to precisely meter and inject fuel into the combustion chamber, improving performance over carburetors. - The functional requirements of fuel injection systems, including accurate fuel metering, precise timing, proper atomization and spray patterns. - Types of fuel injection systems like multi-point and direct injection, and their advantages like increased efficiency. - Types of ignition systems like digital twin spark plug ignition (DTS-i) and digital twin spark swirl induction (DTS-Si) which use two spark plugs controlled by a digital processor to improve combustion.

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Maunish Shah
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views

Fuel Injection and Ignition

The document discusses fuel injection and ignition systems for internal combustion engines. It provides information on: - How fuel injection systems work to precisely meter and inject fuel into the combustion chamber, improving performance over carburetors. - The functional requirements of fuel injection systems, including accurate fuel metering, precise timing, proper atomization and spray patterns. - Types of fuel injection systems like multi-point and direct injection, and their advantages like increased efficiency. - Types of ignition systems like digital twin spark plug ignition (DTS-i) and digital twin spark swirl induction (DTS-Si) which use two spark plugs controlled by a digital processor to improve combustion.

Uploaded by

Maunish Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUEL INJECTION AND IGNITION

Introduction
 Fuel-Injection System is vital to the working and
performance of IC engine
 This system serves the purpose of initiating and controlling
the combustion to meet the demand requirements
 Fuel is injected into combustion chamber towards the end of
compression. It is atomized as it enters under high velocity
and the droplets get vaporized to form a fuel-air mixture.
Due to continued heat transfer from hot air to fuel, the fuel
reaches to its self ignition temperature to ignite
spontaneously initiating combustion. Depending upon the
demand requirements the fuel injection system continues to
deliver the fuel during initial part of combustion.
Functional Requirements of a Fuel Injection System
 Accurate metering of fuel injected per cycle to meet changing demand
of speed & load
 Precise timing of fuel injection in the cycle to ensure performance;
power, fuel economy, emissions
 Proper control of rate of injection to achieve desired heat release during
combustion without knocking.
 Proper atomization of fuel into fine droplets
 Proper spray pattern to ensure rapid mixing of fuel & air
 Uniform distribution of fuel droplets throughout the combustion
chamber.
 To supply equal quantities of metered fuel to all cylinders in case of
multi cylinder engines.
 No lag during beginning and end of injection to eliminate dribbling of
fuel droplets into the cylinder.
CARBURETOR
FUEL INJECTION:
 Fuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an Internal
Combustion Engine.
 It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline
automotive engines, having almost completely replaced
carburetors in the late 1980s.
 With the advent of electronic fuel injection (EFI), the diesel and
gasoline hardware has become similar.
 The primary difference between carburetors and fuel injection is
that fuel injection atomizes the fuel by forcibly pumping it through
a small nozzle under high pressure, while a carburetor relies on
low pressure created by intake air rushing through it to add the
fuel to the airstream.
 One of the first commercial fuel injection systems was a
mechanical system developed by Bosch and introduced in 1955
on the Mercedes-Benz 300SL.
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING :
FUEL INJECTION :

 The fuel injector is only a nozzle and a valve: the power


to inject the fuel comes from a pump
 All share the central task of supplying fuel to the
combustion process, but it is a design decision how a
particular system will be optimized.
FUEL INJECTOR
Advantages of Carburetors:
 Easy to operate and cheap to replace.
 Quick servicing.
 On the go tuning and setting possible
 Can be opened up individually without disturbing the engine.

Disadvantages of Carburetors:
 Diaphragm inside is delicate and can tear which is required to
be replaced.
 There is a certain amount of lag in the process of fuel
delivery.
 The air-fuel mixture ratio is not constant.
Advantages of Fuel Injection:
 Fuel delivery is optimum and fuel atomizing allows for
complete combustion.
 Increase in fuel efficiency and power output.
 Acceleration sensitivity increases.
 The air fuel mixture can be changed by ECU for variable
power outputs.

Disadvantages of Fuel Injection :


 Servicing of the FI unit is cumbersome.
 If there is an ECU failure, the vehicle will seize to work.
 It costs a lot and the service and maintenance is costly as
well.
TYPES OF FUEL INJECTION :
Multi-point fuel
injection:
 Multi-point fuel
injection injects fuel
into the intake port just
upstream of the
cylinder's intake valve,
rather than at a central
point within an intake
manifold. (SI engine)
Turbocharged Direct Injection(TDI):
 The engine uses direct injection where a fuel injector sprays
atomised fuel directly into the main combustion chamber of
each cylinder, rather than the pre-combustion chamber
prevalent in older diesels which used indirect injection.
 The engine is coupled with a turbocharger to increase the
amount of air going into the engine cylinders, and an
intercooler to lower the temperature (and therefore increase
the density) of the air from the turbo, thereby increasing the
amount of fuel that can be injected and combusted.
ADVANTAGES:
 These, in combination, allow for greater engine
performance.
 It also decreases emissions.
 Provides more torque than its petrol engined counterpart.
 The reduced material volume of the direct injection diesel
engine reduces heat losses.
 A direct injection engine is also easier to start when cold.
 Thereby increases engine efficiency, at the expense of
increased combustion noise.
B)TYPES OF FUEL IGNITION:
Digital Twin Spark Plug Ignition
(DTS-i):

 DTS-i was first introduced in the


Pulsar 150/180 models in 2003.
 DTS-i stands for Digital Twin Spark
Plug Ignition. In simple words it
means that there are 2 spark plugs in
the single cylinder engine and the
timing of sparkplugs are controlled
by a digital microprocessor.
ADVANTAGES:
 The big difference between a conventional 4 stroke engines and
the DTS-i engine is the incorporation of 2 Spark Plugs.

 The 2 spark plug set up leads to better burning of the air fuel
mixture, which results in delivering better fuel efficiency without
any compromise in power.
Digital Twin Spark Swirl Induction (DTS-Si):

 Like the DTS-i engine, the DTS-Si engine also has 2


Spark Plugs, the timing of which is controlled by a
Digital Microprocessor.
 The difference between these two engines is the offset
position of the inlet and outlet ports of the DTS-Si
engine.
Effect of DTS-Si

This offset position creates


turbulence of the air-fuel
mixture inside the engine.

Benefits of DTS-Si
Technology: This enhances
the fuel efficiency of the
engine even further.
THANK YOU

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