SEMINAR REPORT

ON
“
PRESENTED BY

7TH SEM, B.TECH, CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONTENTS
• Introduction to concrete
• Green concrete- meaning and origin
• Why green concrete?
• Techniques followed by green concrete
• Requirements of green concrete
• Materials for green concrete
• Cementitious materials- fly ash
• Mix design
• Application of green concrete
• Advantages of green concrete
• Conclusion
CONCRETE
Concrete is the mixture of cement, sand and
water and coarse aggregates which can be
poured into formwork to form a hard structure.
TYPES OF CONCRETE
Reinforced cement concrete(R.C.C)
Plain cement concrete(P.C.C)
Ready-mix concrete
Light weight concrete
Fibre reinforced concrete
Green concrete
 GREEN CONCRETE-ORIGIN
→Green concrete is a revolutionary topic in the
history of concrete industry, this was first
invented in Denmark in the year of 1998.
→Green concrete is the type of concrete which is
much like the conventional concrete but the
production of such concrete requires minimum
amount of energy and causes least harm to the
environment.
→It has nothing to do with colour but represents
the environment which surrounds us.
 WHAT IS GREEN CONCRETE
→It is made with concrete waste and uses less
energy in it’s production & produces less
carbon dioxide than normal concrete.
→It is eco-friendly in nature and it’s main aim is
to reduce environmental hazards. EX- energy
saving, 𝑐𝑜2 emissions, waste water.
→Concrete waste like slag, power plant, mining
and quarrying wastes etc.
 WHY GREEN CONCRETE
• Green concrete constitutes of materials which are
partial or complete replacements for cement or
fine or coarse aggregates.
• The substitution material can be of waste or
residual products in the manufacturing process.
_______________________________________
 The main ingredient in the concrete is cement
and it consists of limestone(calcium carbonate,
𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑜3 )
During manufacturing of cement, it’s
ingredients are heated to about 800-1000°C.
During the process carbon dioxide is driven
off.
Approximately 1kg of cement releases about
900gms of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Therefore, green concrete came into existence
to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.
 TECHNOLOGY FOLLOWED BY GREEN
CONCRETE
• It should follow the technique of REDUCE-REUSE-
RECYCLE.
• Reduce the use of natural resources such as
limestone, shale, clay, and natural river sand.
• Use of waste materials
• Materials required for concrete can be recycled.
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of using green concrete is
making eco-friendly structures and to contruct and
develop in a sustainable manner without
destruction of natural resources.
REQUIREMENTS OF GREEN CONCRETE
• The concrete should have the following requirements to say
it is a “GREEN CONCRETE”.

1. Workability, which is basically the ease with which

concrete can be compacted fully without segregation and
bleeding.
2. Segregation, which is basically separation of coarse
particles from the green concrete.
3. Bleeding, which is the appearance of water along with
cement particles on the surface of freshly laid concrete.
4. Harshness, which is the resistance offered by concrete to
it’s surface finish.
 MAERIALS FOR GREEN CONCRETE
Recycled demolition waste aggregates
Recycle concrete aggregate
Blast Furnace Slag(BFS)
Manufactured sand
Glass aggregate
Fly ash
 CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS
• FLY ASH:-
Fly ash is a by product produced
during the operation of coal fired plants. The
finely divided particles from the exhaust gases
are collected in electro static precipitators.
These particles are called fly ash.
• Advantages of using fly ash in concrete:-
1. Utilization of fly ash as a part replacement of
cement or as a mineral admixture in concrete
saves on cement and hence the emission of
𝑐𝑜2 .
2. Use of good quality fly ash in concrete has
shown remarkable improvement in durability
of concrete, especially in aggressive
environment.
• Some of the technical benefits of the use of fly
ash in concrete are:
a) Higher ultimate strength
b) Increased durability
c) Improved workability
d) Reduced bleeding
e) Increased resistance to alkali-silica reactivity.
f) Reduced shrinkage
• Green lightweight aggregates:
 Synthetic lightweight aggregates produced from
environmental waste is a viable new source of
structural aggregate material.
 The use of structural grade lightweight concrete
reduces the self load of a structure considerably and
permits larger precast units to be handled.
 Water absorption of the green concrete is large but the
crushing strength of the resulting concrete can be high.
 The 28 day cube compressive strength of the resulting
lightweight aggregate concrete with density of 1590 kg
/m3 and respective strength of 34 Mpa.
 MIX DESIGN
 The concrete mix design method for such
concrete is the same as for conventional
concrete.
 The constitute materials shown in figure must
pack themselves in such a manner that they
occupy minimum volume or give minimum voids
in concrete.
 For getting a dense or impervious green concrete
all voids must be placed with smaller particles or
next type of materials.
 APPLICATIONS OF GREEN CONCRETE
• Following are the major applications of green
concrete:-
1) It is used in construction of bridges.
2) It is widely used in the construction of
building.
3) Used in the construction of column
4) Can be used road construction
Queensland University of Australia
• Sustainability of green concrete in structures:-
1) Reduce the dead weight of a structure from 5 tons to
about 3.5 tons
2) Reduce crane age load, allow handling, lifting flexibility
with lighter weight
3) Good thermal and fire resistance
4) Better sound insulation than the traditional granite rock.
5) Reduction of the concrete industry’s 𝑐𝑜2 emission by 30%
6) Increased concrete industry’s use of waste products by
20%
7) No environmental pollution and sustainable development
8) Green concrete requires less maintenance & repairs
 ADVANTAGES OF GREEN CONCRETE
1) Better workability than conventional concrete.
2) Reduction in shrinkage & creep.
3) The heat of hydration of green concrete is
significantly lower than traditional concrete.
4) Uses local and recycled materials in concrete.
5) Good thermal and fire resistant.
6) Compressive strength and flexural behaviour is
fairly equal to that of the conventional concrete.
7) Economical and cheap.
• Limitation
1) By using stainless steel, cost of reinforcement
increases.
2) Structures constructed with green concrete
have comparatively less life than structures
with conventional concrete.
3) Split tension of green concrete is less than
that of conventional concrete.
4) Water absorption is high
• Scope in India and the construction industry
Green concrete is a revolutionary topic in the
history of concrete industry. As green concrete is
made with concrete wastes, it does take more
time to come in India because of industries
having problem to dispose wastes and also
having reduced environmental impact with
reduction in 𝑐𝑜2 emission.
CONCLUSION
• There is significant potential in waste materials to produce
green concrete.
• The replacement of traditional ingredients of concrete by
waste materials and by products give an opportunity to
manufacture economical and environment friendly concrete.
• Partial replacement of ingredients by using waste materials
and admixtures shows better compressive and tensile
strength, improved sulphate resistance, decreased
permeability and improved workability.
• The cost per unit volume of concrete with waste material like
quarry dust lower than the corresponding control concrete
mixes.
• A detail life cycle analysis of green concrete by considering
various parameters is very much necessary to understand the
resultant concrete properties.