Slidestopic 2 Lec
Slidestopic 2 Lec
Slidestopic 2 Lec
Macroeconomic Data
(chapter 2) revised 9/15/09
In every transaction,
the buyer’s expenditure
becomes the seller’s income.
Thus, the sum of all
expenditure equals
the sum of all income.
Labor
Households Firms
Goods(bread)
Expenditure($)
% of
$ billions
GDP
Consumption $7,064.5 69.2%
Durables 858.3 8.4
Nondurables 2,055.1 20.1
Services 4,151.1 40.7
% of
$ billions
GDP
Investment $1,633.9 16.0%
Business fixed 1,246.0 12.2
Residential fixed 446.3 4.4
Inventory -58.4 -0.6
More examples:
stock flow
a person’s wealth a person’s saving
# of people with # of new college
college degrees graduates
the govt. debt the govt. budget deficit
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics slide 11
Government spending (G)
G includes all government spending on
goods and services.
G excludes transfer payments
(e.g. unemployment insurance payments),
because they do not represent spending on
goods and services.
-50
-100
$ billions
-150
-200
-250
-300
-350
-400
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Y = C + I + G + NX
where
Y = GDP = the value of total output
C + I + G + NX = aggregate expenditure
2002 2003
P Q P Q
good A $1 10 $2 15
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
NGDP (billions of $) RGDP (billions of 1996 $)
Nominal GDP
GDP deflator = 100
Real GDP
Medical care
Recreation
16.2%
Education
Communication
40.0%
Other goods and
services
14 CPI
12
10
6
GDP deflator
4
-2
1948 1953 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998
Year
2 1993
1975
0
-2 1982
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Change in
unemployment rate
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics slide 45
Chapter Summary
1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures
both total income and total expenditure on
the economy’s output of goods & services.
2. Nominal GDP values output at current prices;
real GDP values output at constant prices.
Changes in output affect both measures, but
changes in prices only affect nominal GDP.
3. GDP is the sum of consumption, investment,
government purchases, and net exports.